IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v202y2020ics0360544220308240.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Upgrading of green waste into carbon-rich solid biofuel by hydrothermal carbonization: The effect of process parameters on hydrochar derived from acacia

Author

Listed:
  • Wilk, Małgorzata
  • Magdziarz, Aneta
  • Kalemba-Rec, Izabela
  • Szymańska-Chargot, Monika

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of operating parameters on the physical and chemical properties of solid and liquid products after the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of green waste, e.g. - acacia: residence time (2 and 4 h), biomass to water ratio (1:10, 1:8, and 1:5) and temperature (180, 200 and 220 °C). The hydrochars had a higher carbon content (from c.a. 50–67%) which resulted in a two times higher fixed carbon and calorific value. Additionally, the structural features were investigated by a scanning electron microscope, van Soest fibre analysis (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin), and Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy to confirm any changes in the chemical structure. Moreover, the thermal behaviour of the hydrochars under combustion conditions were studied. Collaterally, the liquid products were analysed by measuring pH and conductivity, which confirmed their acidic and polar character. Chemical Oxygen Demand with very high values was conducted indicating that the liquid phase contained a high concentration of organic matter and nutrients. The collected and analysed data revealed that residence time and reaction temperature were the most prominent factors which caused enhancement of the energetic properties of the hydrochars. Whereas, biomass to water ratio was found to be negligible.

Suggested Citation

  • Wilk, Małgorzata & Magdziarz, Aneta & Kalemba-Rec, Izabela & Szymańska-Chargot, Monika, 2020. "Upgrading of green waste into carbon-rich solid biofuel by hydrothermal carbonization: The effect of process parameters on hydrochar derived from acacia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:202:y:2020:i:c:s0360544220308240
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.117717
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544220308240
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117717?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Piekarczyk, Wodzisław & Czarnowska, Lucyna & Ptasiński, Krzysztof & Stanek, Wojciech, 2013. "Thermodynamic evaluation of biomass-to-biofuels production systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 95-104.
    2. Paul, Subhash & Dutta, Animesh & Defersha, Fantahun, 2018. "Biocarbon, biomethane and biofertilizer from corn residue: A hybrid thermo-chemical and biochemical approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 370-384.
    3. Andrea Kruse & Thomas A. Zevaco, 2018. "Properties of Hydrochar as Function of Feedstock, Reaction Conditions and Post-Treatment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-12, March.
    4. Szwaja, Stanisław & Magdziarz, Aneta & Zajemska, Monika & Poskart, Anna, 2019. "A torrefaction of Sida hermaphrodita to improve fuel properties. Advanced analysis of torrefied products," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 894-902.
    5. Colantoni, A. & Evic, N. & Lord, R. & Retschitzegger, S. & Proto, A.R. & Gallucci, F. & Monarca, D., 2016. "Characterization of biochars produced from pyrolysis of pelletized agricultural residues," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 187-194.
    6. Kumar, Mayank & Olajire Oyedun, Adetoyese & Kumar, Amit, 2018. "A review on the current status of various hydrothermal technologies on biomass feedstock," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 1742-1770.
    7. Nizamuddin, Sabzoi & Baloch, Humair Ahmed & Griffin, G.J. & Mubarak, N.M. & Bhutto, Abdul Waheed & Abro, Rashid & Mazari, Shaukat Ali & Ali, Brahim Si, 2017. "An overview of effect of process parameters on hydrothermal carbonization of biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 1289-1299.
    8. Gao, Ying & Wang, Xianhua & Wang, Jun & Li, Xiangpeng & Cheng, Jianjun & Yang, Haiping & Chen, Hanping, 2013. "Effect of residence time on chemical and structural properties of hydrochar obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of water hyacinth," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 376-383.
    9. De la Rubia, M.A. & Villamil, J.A. & Rodriguez, J.J. & Mohedano, A.F., 2018. "Effect of inoculum source and initial concentration on the anaerobic digestion of the liquid fraction from hydrothermal carbonisation of sewage sludge," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 697-704.
    10. Yuan, Chuan & Wang, Shuang & Cao, Bin & Hu, Yamin & Abomohra, Abd El-Fatah & Wang, Qian & Qian, Lili & Liu, Lu & Liu, Xinlin & He, Zhixia & Sun, Chaoqun & Feng, Yongqiang & Zhang, Bo, 2019. "Optimization of hydrothermal co-liquefaction of seaweeds with lignocellulosic biomass: Merging 2nd and 3rd generation feedstocks for enhanced bio-oil production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 413-422.
    11. Gao, Pin & Zhou, Yiyuan & Meng, Fang & Zhang, Yihui & Liu, Zhenhong & Zhang, Wenqi & Xue, Gang, 2016. "Preparation and characterization of hydrochar from waste eucalyptus bark by hydrothermal carbonization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 238-245.
    12. He, Chao & Giannis, Apostolos & Wang, Jing-Yuan, 2013. "Conversion of sewage sludge to clean solid fuel using hydrothermal carbonization: Hydrochar fuel characteristics and combustion behavior," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 257-266.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Wilk, Małgorzata & Śliz, Maciej & Lubieniecki, Bogusław, 2021. "Hydrothermal co-carbonization of sewage sludge and fuel additives: Combustion performance of hydrochar," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 1046-1056.
    2. Manal Hessien, 2022. "Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization of Pomegranate Peels into Hydrochar for Environmental Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-13, May.
    3. Shulun Han & Li Bai & Mingshu Chi & Xiuling Xu & Zhao Chen & Kecheng Yu, 2022. "Conversion of Waste Corn Straw to Value-Added Fuel via Hydrothermal Carbonization after Acid Washing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-14, March.
    4. Halina Pawlak-Kruczek & Agnieszka Urbanowska & Lukasz Niedzwiecki & Michał Czerep & Marcin Baranowski & Christian Aragon-Briceño & Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz & Amit Arora & Przemysław Seruga & Mate, 2023. "Hydrothermal Carbonisation as Treatment for Effective Moisture Removal from Digestate—Mechanical Dewatering, Flashing-Off, and Condensates’ Processing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-9, July.
    5. Sobek, S. & Zeng, K. & Werle, S. & Junga, R. & Sajdak, M., 2022. "Brewer's spent grain pyrolysis kinetics and evolved gas analysis for the sustainable phenolic compounds and fatty acids recovery potential," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 157-168.
    6. Wilk, Małgorzata & Śliz, Maciej & Gajek, Marcin, 2021. "The effects of hydrothermal carbonization operating parameters on high-value hydrochar derived from beet pulp," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 216-228.
    7. Agnieszka Urbanowska & Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz & Christian Aragon-Briceño & Mateusz Wnukowski & Artur Pożarlik & Lukasz Niedzwiecki & Marcin Baranowski & Michał Czerep & Przemysław Seruga & Hali, 2021. "Cascade Membrane System for Separation of Water and Organics from Liquid By-Products of HTC of the Agricultural Digestate—Evaluation of Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-18, August.
    8. Joanna Mikusińska & Monika Kuźnia & Klaudia Czerwińska & Małgorzata Wilk, 2023. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Digestate Produced in the Biogas Production Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-18, July.
    9. Małgorzata Wilk & Marcin Gajek & Maciej Śliz & Klaudia Czerwińska & Lidia Lombardi, 2022. "Hydrothermal Carbonization Process of Digestate from Sewage Sludge: Chemical and Physical Properties of Hydrochar in Terms of Energy Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-17, September.
    10. Manfredi Picciotto Maniscalco & Maurizio Volpe & Antonio Messineo, 2020. "Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Valuable Tool for Energy and Environmental Applications: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-26, August.
    11. Czerwińska, Klaudia & Śliz, Maciej & Wilk, Małgorzata, 2022. "Hydrothermal carbonization process: Fundamentals, main parameter characteristics and possible applications including an effective method of SARS-CoV-2 mitigation in sewage sludge. A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    12. Urbanowska, Agnieszka & Niedzwiecki, Lukasz & Wnukowski, Mateusz & Aragon-Briceño, Christian & Kabsch-Korbutowicz, Małgorzata & Baranowski, Marcin & Czerep, Michał & Seruga, Przemysław & Pawlak-Krucze, 2023. "Recovery of chemical energy from retentates from cascade membrane filtration of hydrothermal carbonisation effluent," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    13. Magdziarz, Aneta & Mlonka-Mędrala, Agata & Sieradzka, Małgorzata & Aragon-Briceño, Christian & Pożarlik, Artur & Bramer, Eddy A. & Brem, Gerrit & Niedzwiecki, Łukasz & Pawlak-Kruczek, Halina, 2021. "Multiphase analysis of hydrochars obtained by anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste organic fraction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 108-118.
    14. Liang, Wang & Wang, Guangwei & Xu, Runsheng & Ning, Xiaojun & Zhang, Jianliang & Guo, Xingmin & Ye, Lian & Li, Jinhua & Jiang, Chunhe & Wang, Peng & Wang, Chuan, 2022. "Hydrothermal carbonization of forest waste into solid fuel: Mechanism and combustion behavior," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    15. Śliz, Maciej & Wilk, Małgorzata, 2020. "A comprehensive investigation of hydrothermal carbonization: Energy potential of hydrochar derived from Virginia mallow," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 942-950.
    16. Gao, Ningbo & Śliz, Maciej & Quan, Cui & Bieniek, Artur & Magdziarz, Aneta, 2021. "Biomass CO2 gasification with CaO looping for syngas production in a fixed-bed reactor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 652-661.
    17. Umut Şen & Bruno Esteves & Helena Pereira, 2023. "Pyrolysis and Extraction of Bark in a Biorefineries Context: A Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-23, June.
    18. Tomasz Hardy & Amit Arora & Halina Pawlak-Kruczek & Wojciech Rafajłowicz & Jerzy Wietrzych & Łukasz Niedźwiecki & Vishwajeet & Krzysztof Mościcki, 2021. "Non-Destructive Diagnostic Methods for Fire-Side Corrosion Risk Assessment of Industrial Scale Boilers, Burning Low Quality Solid Biofuels—A Mini Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-15, November.
    19. Zhang, Yongsheng & Zahid, Ibrar & Danial, Ali & Minaret, Jamie & Cao, Yijun & Dutta, Animesh, 2021. "Hydrothermal carbonization of miscanthus: Processing, properties, and synergistic Co-combustion with lignite," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    20. Barbara Mendecka & Giovanni Di Ilio & Lidia Lombardi, 2020. "Thermo-Fluid Dynamic and Kinetic Modeling of Hydrothermal Carbonization of Olive Pomace in a Batch Reactor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-16, August.
    21. Liu, Xiangmin & Fan, Yuwei & Zhai, Yunbo & Liu, Xiaoping & Wang, Zhexian & Zhu, Ya & Shi, Haoran & Li, Caiting & Zhu, Yun, 2022. "Co-hydrothermal carbonization of rape straw and microalgae: pH-enhanced carbonization process to obtain clean hydrochar," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Czerwińska, Klaudia & Śliz, Maciej & Wilk, Małgorzata, 2022. "Hydrothermal carbonization process: Fundamentals, main parameter characteristics and possible applications including an effective method of SARS-CoV-2 mitigation in sewage sludge. A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    2. Ma, Peiyong & Yang, Jing & Xing, Xianjun & Weihrich, Sebastian & Fan, Fangyu & Zhang, Xianwen, 2017. "Isoconversional kinetics and characteristics of combustion on hydrothermally treated biomass," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 1069-1076.
    3. Azzaz, Ahmed Amine & Khiari, Besma & Jellali, Salah & Ghimbeu, Camélia Matei & Jeguirim, Mejdi, 2020. "Hydrochars production, characterization and application for wastewater treatment: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    4. Wang, Tengfei & Zhai, Yunbo & Zhu, Yun & Li, Caiting & Zeng, Guangming, 2018. "A review of the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass waste for hydrochar formation: Process conditions, fundamentals, and physicochemical properties," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 223-247.
    5. Pablo J. Arauzo & Maciej P. Olszewski & Andrea Kruse, 2018. "Hydrothermal Carbonization Brewer’s Spent Grains with the Focus on Improving the Degradation of the Feedstock," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, November.
    6. Wang, Guangwei & Zhang, Jianliang & Lee, Jui-Yuan & Mao, Xiaoming & Ye, Lian & Xu, Wanren & Ning, Xiaojun & Zhang, Nan & Teng, Haipeng & Wang, Chuan, 2020. "Hydrothermal carbonization of maize straw for hydrochar production and its injection for blast furnace," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    7. Zhang, Chaoyue & Ma, Xiaoqian & Chen, Xinfei & Tian, Yunlong & Zhou, Yi & Lu, Xiaoluan & Huang, Tao, 2020. "Conversion of water hyacinth to value-added fuel via hydrothermal carbonization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    8. Kossińska, Nina & Krzyżyńska, Renata & Ghazal, Heba & Jouhara, Hussam, 2023. "Hydrothermal carbonisation of sewage sludge and resulting biofuels as a sustainable energy source," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    9. Zhuang, Xiuzheng & Liu, Jianguo & Zhang, Qi & Wang, Chenguang & Zhan, Hao & Ma, Longlong, 2022. "A review on the utilization of industrial biowaste via hydrothermal carbonization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    10. Wilk, Małgorzata & Śliz, Maciej & Gajek, Marcin, 2021. "The effects of hydrothermal carbonization operating parameters on high-value hydrochar derived from beet pulp," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 216-228.
    11. Tiago Teribele & Maria Elizabeth Gemaque Costa & Conceição de Maria Sales da Silva & Lia Martins Pereira & Lucas Pinto Bernar & Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro & Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção & Mar, 2023. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corn Stover: Structural Evolution of Hydro-Char and Degradation Kinetics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-22, April.
    12. Gao, Pin & Zhou, Yiyuan & Meng, Fang & Zhang, Yihui & Liu, Zhenhong & Zhang, Wenqi & Xue, Gang, 2016. "Preparation and characterization of hydrochar from waste eucalyptus bark by hydrothermal carbonization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 238-245.
    13. Ibrahim Shaba Mohammed & Risu Na & Keisuke Kushima & Naoto Shimizu, 2020. "Investigating the Effect of Processing Parameters on the Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corn Stover," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-21, June.
    14. Mau, Vivian & Gross, Amit, 2018. "Energy conversion and gas emissions from production and combustion of poultry-litter-derived hydrochar and biochar," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 510-519.
    15. Liang, Wang & Wang, Guangwei & Xu, Runsheng & Ning, Xiaojun & Zhang, Jianliang & Guo, Xingmin & Ye, Lian & Li, Jinhua & Jiang, Chunhe & Wang, Peng & Wang, Chuan, 2022. "Hydrothermal carbonization of forest waste into solid fuel: Mechanism and combustion behavior," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    16. Imtiaz Anando, Ahmed & Ehsan, M Monjurul & Karim, Md Rezwanul & Bhuiyan, Arafat A. & Ahiduzzaman, Md & Karim, Azharul, 2023. "Thermochemical pretreatments to improve the fuel properties of rice husk: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    17. He, Chao & Tang, Chunyan & Li, Chuanhao & Yuan, Jihui & Tran, Khanh-Quang & Bach, Quang-Vu & Qiu, Rongliang & Yang, Yanhui, 2018. "Wet torrefaction of biomass for high quality solid fuel production: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 259-271.
    18. Nepu Saha & Akbar Saba & Pretom Saha & Kyle McGaughy & Diana Franqui-Villanueva & William J. Orts & William M. Hart-Cooper & M. Toufiq Reza, 2019. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Various Paper Mill Sludges: An Observation of Solid Fuel Properties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-18, March.
    19. Kumar, Mayank & Olajire Oyedun, Adetoyese & Kumar, Amit, 2018. "A review on the current status of various hydrothermal technologies on biomass feedstock," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 1742-1770.
    20. Villamil, J.A. & Mohedano, A.F. & San Martín, J. & Rodriguez, J.J. & de la Rubia, M.A., 2020. "Anaerobic co-digestion of the process water from waste activated sludge hydrothermally treated with primary sewage sludge. A new approach for sewage sludge management," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 435-443.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:202:y:2020:i:c:s0360544220308240. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.