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Experimental investigation of gas turbine compressor water injection for NOx emission reductions

Author

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  • Block Novelo, David Alejandro
  • Igie, Uyioghosa
  • Prakash, Vinod
  • Szymański, Artur

Abstract

The global rising demand for civil air travel shows good prospects for the industry, however, this growth is inevitably matched with higher levels of emissions and fuel consumption. In this study, demineralised water injection is presented as an alternative to reduce NOx emissions and enhance engine performance. The experimental study firstly presents the droplet size characterisation of a spray nozzle. This is done for varied injection pressure, water temperature and at varied axial and radial locations using an impaction pin nozzle. The single-shaft Artouste engine is used in conducting the compressor water injection test with water-to-air ratios of 0.5, 1 and 2%. The water droplet diameter, engine gas path and exhaust emissions are all monitored in real time. For the engine tests, droplets are measured at the spraying point and correlations are used to account for the droplet size at the inlet of the compressor due to measurement difficulties in this region. The test showed a reduction in compressor discharge temperature by up to 34 K and a NOx decrease by 25%. Nevertheless, the higher reductions in NOx at higher water-to-air ratios are attributed to a predominant cooling in the combustor because of unevaporated water in the compressor. At 0.5% water-to-air ratio, the drop in NOx is mainly due to compressor cooling and signified by the only case in which the fuel-to-air ratio reduces. The study presents evidence of the combined effects of compressor and combustor water ingestion. The CO is seen to increase significantly and associated with reduced combustor efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Block Novelo, David Alejandro & Igie, Uyioghosa & Prakash, Vinod & Szymański, Artur, 2019. "Experimental investigation of gas turbine compressor water injection for NOx emission reductions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 235-248.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:176:y:2019:i:c:p:235-248
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.03.187
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Roumeliotis, I. & Mathioudakis, K., 2010. "Evaluation of water injection effect on compressor and engine performance and operability," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1207-1216, April.
    2. Novelo, David Alejandro Block & Igie, Uyioghosa, 2018. "Aero engine compressor cooling by water injection - Part 1: Evaporative compressor model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 1224-1235.
    3. Block Novelo, David Alejandro & Igie, Uyioghosa, 2018. "Aero engine compressor cooling by water injection - Part 2: Performance and emission reductions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 1236-1243.
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    1. Zidong Yu & Terese Løvås & Dmytro Konovalov & Eugeniy Trushliakov & Mykola Radchenko & Halina Kobalava & Roman Radchenko & Andrii Radchenko, 2022. "Investigation of Thermopressor with Incomplete Evaporation for Gas Turbine Intercooling Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-19, December.
    2. Miliauskas, Gintautas & Puida, Egidijus & Poškas, Robertas & Ragaišis, Valdas & Paukštaitis, Linas & Jouhara, Hussam & Mingilaitė, Laura, 2022. "Experimental investigations of water droplet transient phase changes in flue gas flow in the range of temperatures characteristic of condensing economizer technologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    3. Serrano, José Ramón & Martín, Jaime & Piqueras, Pedro & Tabet, Roberto & Gómez, Javier, 2023. "Effect of natural and forced charge air humidity on the performance and emissions of a compression-ignition engine operating at high warm altitude," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).

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