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Study on the thermal effect of the ground heat exchanger of GSHP in the eastern China area

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  • Xi, J.
  • Li, Y.
  • Liu, M.
  • Wang, R.Z.

Abstract

The two-year operating performance and the variation in the underground thermal environment of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system are presented in this work; the GSHP has been installed in an office building in Hangzhou. The system consists of two heat-pump units, each with a heating/cooling capacity of 470 kW/465 kW, and 201 boreholes. The flow rates and temperatures of water on the user- and buried-pipes side, the electrical power consumption of the heat-pump units and the water pumps, and the underground temperatures were monitored during this project. The result of the performance monitoring revealed that the average daily COP of the units and the system was approximately 5.0 and 3.0, respectively, during cooling seasons, and 4.5 and 2.7, respectively, during the heating seasons. It was found that the electricity consumption of the water pump accounted for 39.7% of the total electricity consumption, which is high enough to degrade the system performance. It was also found that the heat released by the GSHP system during the cooling season is more than the heat absorbed during the heating season at the hot-summer and cold-winter zone. The underground heat imbalance rate was approximately 24% in the first year, and was approximately 53% in the second year. The result of underground temperature monitoring showed that the underground temperature increased by 1.1 °C after two years of system operation. This reveals that the heat exchange between the GSHPs and the soil is unbalanced, which eventually caused “heat accumulation”. Moreover, the variation in the underground thermal environment was revealed by the changes in underground temperature according to time, depth, and season. Finally, in this work, a simple model is presented, which quantitatively verifies the underground heat imbalance through the underground temperature variation. Reasonable agreement of results verified the underground heat imbalance, and confirmed the reliability of the model. Overall, this study provides a significant amount of experimental data for the analysis of the underground thermal environment variation and the heat balance. The results of this study will contribute toward the development of more creative methods for the mitigation of the impact of “heat accumulation” on the environment at the hot-summer and cold-winter climate zone. In addition, the method used in this work can be applied to other climate zones for the study of the thermal effect of the GSHP ground heat exchanger.

Suggested Citation

  • Xi, J. & Li, Y. & Liu, M. & Wang, R.Z., 2017. "Study on the thermal effect of the ground heat exchanger of GSHP in the eastern China area," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 56-65.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:141:y:2017:i:c:p:56-65
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.09.060
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, Yubo & Quan, Zhenhua & Zhao, Yaohua & Wang, Lincheng & Jing, Heran, 2022. "Operation mode performance and optimization of a novel coupled air and ground source heat pump system with energy storage: Case study of a hotel building," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 889-903.
    2. Wang, Guiling & Wang, Wanli & Luo, Jin & Zhang, Yuhao, 2019. "Assessment of three types of shallow geothermal resources and ground-source heat-pump applications in provincial capitals in the Yangtze River Basin, China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 392-421.
    3. Gan, Guohui, 2018. "Dynamic thermal performance of horizontal ground source heat pumps – The impact of coupled heat and moisture transfer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 877-887.
    4. Wenting Ma & Moon Keun Kim & Jianli Hao, 2019. "Numerical Simulation Modeling of a GSHP and WSHP System for an Office Building in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Region of China: A Case Study in Suzhou," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-17, June.
    5. Hongkyo Kim & Yujin Nam & Sangmu Bae & Jae Sang Choi & Sang Bum Kim, 2020. "A Study on the Effect of Performance Factor on GSHP System through Real-Scale Experiments in Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-18, January.
    6. Shuiping Zhu & Jianjun Sun & Kaiyang Zhong & Haisheng Chen, 2021. "Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Precooling on the Thermal Performance of a Borehole Heat Exchanger," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    7. Abbas, Zulkarnain & Yong, Li & Abbas, Saqlain & Chen, Dongwen & Li, Y. & Wang, R.Z., 2021. "Performance analysis of seasonal soil heat storage system based on numerical simulation and experimental investigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 66-78.
    8. Jianan Liu & Hao Yu & Haoran Ji & Kunpeng Zhao & Chaoxian Lv & Peng Li, 2020. "Optimal Operation Strategy of a Community Integrated Energy System Constrained by the Seasonal Balance of Ground Source Heat Pumps," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-24, June.
    9. Qiao, Zhenyong & Long, Tianhe & Li, Wuyan & Zeng, Liyue & Li, Yongcai & Lu, Jun & Cheng, Yong & Xie, Ling & Yang, Lulu, 2020. "Performance assessment of ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) in the Southwestern and Northwestern China: In situ measurement," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 214-227.
    10. Seung-Min Lee & Seung-Hoon Park & Yong-Sung Jang & Eui-Jong Kim, 2021. "Proposition of Design Capacity of Borehole Heat Exchangers for Use in the Schematic-Design Stage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-17, February.
    11. Jo, Ho Hyeon & Kang, Yujin & Yang, Sungwoong & Kim, Young Uk & Yun, Beom Yeol & Chang, Jae D. & Kim, Sumin, 2022. "Application and evaluation of phase change materials for improving photovoltaic power generation efficiency and roof overheating reduction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 1412-1425.
    12. Bi, Yuehong & Lyu, Tianli & Wang, Hongyan & Sun, Ruirui & Yu, Meize, 2019. "Parameter analysis of single U-tube GHE and dynamic simulation of underground temperature field round one year for GSHP," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 138-147.

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