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Evolution of international trade for photovoltaic cells: A spatial structure study

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  • Zhao, Zhen-Yu
  • Yang, Hui-Jia
  • Zuo, Jian

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) cell plays crucial role to utilize the solar energy. The regional differences in the PV industry have created unbalanced flows of PV cells. This paper examined patterns of the PV cells international trade from spatial and temporal perspectives. Data sources are regional monetary import-export tables and the world renewable energy statistics in 1996–2015. Based on the Haggett's cognitive model of spatial structure, the patterns and evolution characteristics are identified with an aid of ArcGIS. This study revealed most PV cells exporters are distributed in East Asia and Southeast Asia intensively whereas relatively balanced exports are presented in Europe and North American in recent years. Most PV cells are flowing from east to west while the pattern of PV cells international trade has transformed from single-pole to multi-pole. Meanwhile, the international trade intensity of PV cells grew steadily at the global scale, and evolution features of PV cells trades varied from region to region. Economics conditions, incentive policy and producers' demand are three critical factors. These findings provide a useful reference for identifying the intensity, orientation, main connections and development trend of traders. Moreover, the PV industrial practitioners can benefit from this research to develop corresponding international business strategies.

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  • Zhao, Zhen-Yu & Yang, Hui-Jia & Zuo, Jian, 2017. "Evolution of international trade for photovoltaic cells: A spatial structure study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 435-446.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:124:y:2017:i:c:p:435-446
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.02.093
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    3. Mudan Wang & Xianqiang Mao & Youkai Xing & Jianhong Lu & Peng Song & Zhengyan Liu & Zhi Guo & Kevin Tu & Eric Zusman, 2021. "Breaking down barriers on PV trade will facilitate global carbon mitigation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, December.
    4. Lunardi, Marina M. & Needell, David R. & Bauser, Haley & Phelan, Megan & Atwater, Harry A. & Corkish, Richard, 2019. "Life Cycle Assessment of tandem LSC-Si devices," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1-10.
    5. Alaaeddin, M.H. & Sapuan, S.M. & Zuhri, M.Y.M. & Zainudin, E.S. & AL- Oqla, Faris M., 2019. "Photovoltaic applications: Status and manufacturing prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 318-332.
    6. An, Qier & Wang, Lang & Qu, Debin & Zhang, Hujun, 2018. "Dependency network of international oil trade before and after oil price drop," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 1021-1033.
    7. Guan, Qing & An, Haizhong & Wang, Kaiming & Duan, Yueran & Zhang, Yixiong, 2020. "Functional trade patterns and their contributions to international photovoltaic trade revealed by network motifs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
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    9. Zhu, Xiangdong & He, Canfei & Gu, Zhutong, 2021. "Benefit from local or destination? The export expansion of Chinese photovoltaic industry under trade protection," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    10. Xuping Cao & Aroskar Rajarshi & Juxi Tong, 2018. "Technology Evolution of China’s Export of Renewable Energy Products," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-14, August.

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