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A procedure for analysing energy savings in multiple small solar water heaters installed in low-income housing in Brazil

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  • Giglio, Thalita
  • Lamberts, Roberto
  • Barbosa, Miriam
  • Urbano, Mariana

Abstract

Due to government subsidies, Brazil has witnessed an increase in the installation and use of small solar water heating systems in low-income housing projects. Although the initiative has reduced the load curve during peak times due to the reduced use of electric showerheads, measurement and verification (M&V) are needed to validate the savings. M&V procedures should take into account the social and economic variability of low-income housing developments. To improve M&V in low-income housing projects, this paper presents a methodology for identifying homogeneous subgroups based on their energy-saving potential. This research strategy involved a cluster analysis designed to improve the understanding of what energy savers and other influencing factors exist. A case study in Londrina Brazil was undertaken with 200 low-income families. Five clusters, created based on savings potential, were defined. The results showed that only two clusters demonstrated good electricity savings, representing 47% of families. However, two clusters, or 37%, did not provide satisfactory savings, and the other 16% did not provide any consumption history due to previous use of illegal city electricity connection practices. Therefore, studies confirm the need for a detailed measurement of the representative subgroups to assess the influence of human behaviour on potential SWHS-induced savings.

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  • Giglio, Thalita & Lamberts, Roberto & Barbosa, Miriam & Urbano, Mariana, 2014. "A procedure for analysing energy savings in multiple small solar water heaters installed in low-income housing in Brazil," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 43-55.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:72:y:2014:i:c:p:43-55
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.04.036
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sinethemba Peter & Njabulo Kambule & Stephen Tangwe & Kowiyou Yessoufou, 2022. "Assessing the Feasibility and the Potential of Implementing Solar Water Heaters in Dimbaza, a Township in Eastern Cape, South Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, September.
    2. Cruz, Talita & Schaeffer, Roberto & Lucena, André F.P. & Melo, Sérgio & Dutra, Ricardo, 2020. "Solar water heating technical-economic potential in the household sector in Brazil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1618-1639.
    3. Yurtsev, Arif & Jenkins, Glenn P., 2016. "Cost-effectiveness analysis of alternative water heater systems operating with unreliable water supplies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 174-183.
    4. Juanicó, Luis E. & Di Lalla, Nicolás & González, Alejandro D., 2017. "Full thermal-hydraulic and solar modeling to study low-cost solar collectors based on a single long LDPE hose," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 187-195.
    5. Jafari-Marandi, Ruholla & Hu, Mengqi & Omitaomu, OluFemi A., 2016. "A distributed decision framework for building clusters with different heterogeneity settings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 393-404.
    6. Ariadna Reyes, 2021. "Revealing the Contribution of Informal Settlements to Climate Change Mitigation in Latin America: A Case Study of Isidro Fabela, Mexico City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-19, November.
    7. Giglio, T. & Santos, V. & Lamberts, R., 2019. "Analyzing the impact of small solar water heating systems on peak demand and on emissions in the Brazilian context," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 1404-1413.
    8. Gill, Nicholas & Osman, Peter & Head, Lesley & Voyer, Michelle & Harada, Theresa & Waitt, Gordon & Gibson, Chris, 2015. "Looking beyond installation: Why households struggle to make the most of solar hot water systems," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 83-94.
    9. Olinga, Zadok & Xia, Xiaohua & Ye, Xianming, 2017. "A cost-effective approach to handle measurement and verification uncertainties of energy savings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1600-1609.

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