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Governance, Land and Distribution: A Discussion on the Political Economy of Community-Based Conservation

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  • Calfucura, Enrique

Abstract

The effectiveness of Community-Based Conservation (CBC) has been under discussion. Through the review of CBC initiatives in developing countries, we contribute to the debate by analysing how players influence different factors that determine the outcomes of CBC. We highlight several points. First, the promise of benefits has been overshadowed by constraints on the extraction of natural resources, along with the use of governmental schemes to extract partially the rents from CBC, which has left little to share inside the communities. Second, CBC design and implementation has often overlooked the asymmetries of power within the community and at the individual level, which has produced unequal access to the design, decision-making and outcomes of this activity. Third, while the elites have had a determinant role in shaping the governance of CBC, external agents' promotion of CBC has tended to reproduce the existent negotiating power at the community, local and national levels. Fourth, land contestation plays a key role in the dynamics of relationship and conflict between the governments, corporate interests and the communities. Finally, CBC adaptation to new scenarios depends critically on the process of community empowerment and the building of networks with external agents.

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  • Calfucura, Enrique, 2018. "Governance, Land and Distribution: A Discussion on the Political Economy of Community-Based Conservation," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 18-26.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecolec:v:145:y:2018:i:c:p:18-26
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.05.012
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    1. Vallino, Elena & Aldahsev,Gani, 2013. "NGOs and participatory conservation in developing countries: why are there inefficiencies?," Department of Economics and Statistics Cognetti de Martiis. Working Papers 201318, University of Turin.
    2. Friedman, Rachel S. & Guerrero, Angela M. & McAllister, Ryan R.J. & Rhodes, Jonathan R. & Santika, Truly & Budiharta, Sugeng & Indrawan, Tito & Hutabarat, Joseph A. & Kusworo, Ahmad & Yogaswara, Herry, 2020. "Beyond the community in participatory forest management: A governance network perspective," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    3. Abebe, Bethlehem A. & Jones, Kelly W. & Solomon, Jennifer & Galvin, Kathleen & Evangelista, Paul, 2020. "Examining social equity in community-based conservation programs: A case study of controlled hunting programs in Bale Mountains, Ethiopia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    4. Lobat Zebardast & Saeed Akbarpour & Hamid Reza Jafari & Masoud Bagherzadeh Karimi, 2021. "Sustainable wetland management through bridging the communication gap between conservation projects and local communities," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(7), pages 11098-11119, July.
    5. Jurjonas, Matthew & Merino Pérez, Leticia & Robson, James & Tadeo Noble, Alfredo Esteban, 2023. "Intergenerational perceptions of the collective action challenges facing Mexican community forests," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    6. Eugenio Figueroa B. & Enrique Calfucura T. & Stavros Papageorgiou & Juan Jose Miranda, 2020. "Beneficios de Restauracion y REDD+ para Bosque Nativo en Chile: Sinergias y Trade-offs entre Servicios Ecosistemicos, Eficiencia y Reducción de Pobreza," Working Papers wp505, University of Chile, Department of Economics.
    7. Ladan Ghahramani & Katelin McArdle & Sandra Fatorić, 2020. "Minority Community Resilience and Cultural Heritage Preservation: A Case Study of the Gullah Geechee Community," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-16, March.
    8. Aldashev, Gani & Vallino, Elena, 2019. "The dilemma of NGOs and participatory conservation," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 1-1.

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