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Robust strategic planning of dynamic wireless charging infrastructure for electric buses

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  • Alwesabi, Yaseen
  • Avishan, Farzad
  • Yanıkoğlu, İhsan
  • Liu, Zhaocai
  • Wang, Yong

Abstract

Electromobility in public bus systems is growing rapidly and experiencing a fundamental transformation in their infrastructure and operations. The dilemma of limited driving range and charging time of battery electric buses (BEBs) hinders their adoption. A novel approach to address BEB limitations is to utilize dynamic wireless charging (DWC) technology that allows buses to charge while in motion. This paper aims to analyze robust strategic planning of DWC and BEB fleet scheduling based on a real bus network at Binghamton University. The problem is first formulated as a new deterministic mixed-integer linear programming model to simultaneously optimize both the charging planning problem and fleet scheduling problem in an integrated fashion. To address the uncertainty of energy demand and charging time, a robust counterpart model (RCM) has been derived. To increase RCM flexibility, the battery status variable is formulated in a cumulative form. Dependent and independent budget uncertainty sets have been developed to control the robustness. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted to study the system behavior in response to different charging types, auxiliary energy demand, depth of discharge, charging options at terminals, battery degradation, and electricity cost. The deterministic model shows that eight homogeneous BEBs are required to operate on the selected routes with a battery capacity of 54.01 kWh and a total cost of $3,636,347. The results show that joint planning of charging infrastructure and fleet scheduling can save 19.2% of total cost compared to disjoint planning. The RCM results in 10 BEBs to ensure feasiblility against uncertainty.

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  • Alwesabi, Yaseen & Avishan, Farzad & Yanıkoğlu, İhsan & Liu, Zhaocai & Wang, Yong, 2022. "Robust strategic planning of dynamic wireless charging infrastructure for electric buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:307:y:2022:i:c:s0306261921015063
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118243
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Foda, Ahmed & Abdelaty, Hatem & Mohamed, Moataz & El-Saadany, Ehab, 2023. "A generic cost-utility-emission optimization for electric bus transit infrastructure planning and charging scheduling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    4. Shi, Jie & Gao, H. Oliver, 2022. "Efficient energy management of wireless charging roads with energy storage for coupled transportation–power systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    5. Xiaoqing Su & Lanqing Jiang & Yucheng Huang, 2023. "Design of Electric Bus Transit Routes with Charging Stations under Demand Uncertainty," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-16, February.
    6. Qiu, Haifeng & Gu, Wei & Liu, Pengxiang & Sun, Qirun & Wu, Zhi & Lu, Xi, 2022. "Application of two-stage robust optimization theory in power system scheduling under uncertainties: A review and perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    7. Liu, Zhaocai & Wang, Qichao & Sigler, Devon & Kotz, Andrew & Kelly, Kenneth J. & Lunacek, Monte & Phillips, Caleb & Garikapati, Venu, 2023. "Data-driven simulation-based planning for electric airport shuttle systems: A real-world case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    8. Feifeng Zheng & Zhaojie Wang & Ming Liu, 2022. "Overnight charging scheduling of battery electric buses with uncertain charging time," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 22(5), pages 4865-4903, November.

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