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Towards net-zero emission cement and power production using Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

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  • Nhuchhen, Daya R.
  • Sit, Song P.
  • Layzell, David B.

Abstract

Achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in cement production requires major reductions in both process and energy emissions. This study proposes an integrated low emission cement and power production (LECAPP) system that incorporates external reforming molten carbonate fuel cells to capture the CO2 emissions from a natural gas-fired cement plant. The system uses either natural gas or high-density polyethylene to generate the hydrogen demanded by the fuel cells while producing both low-carbon electricity (1,201 kWh/t clinker with a carbon intensity of 52 kgCO2/MWh, of which 1,000 kWh/t clinker is available for export) and a CO2 stream for sequestration. The carbon intensity assigned to clinker production (57 kgCO2/t clinker) is a 92% reduction from a clinker plant without carbon management. When plastics are used to generate hydrogen for the fuel cells, 144 kg plastics/t clinker would be diverted from landfills. Compared to other carbon capture methods, the LECAPP system performs better and its overall specific primary energy consumption is estimated to be in the range of 1.52–5.94 gigajoules per tCO2 avoided. The LECAPP system offers promise as a viable technology in the transition to net zero-emission energy systems.

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  • Nhuchhen, Daya R. & Sit, Song P. & Layzell, David B., 2022. "Towards net-zero emission cement and power production using Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:306:y:2022:i:pb:s0306261921013039
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118001
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    Cited by:

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    2. Nhuchhen, Daya R. & Sit, Song P. & Layzell, David B., 2022. "Decarbonization of cement production in a hydrogen economy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    3. Nhuchhen, Daya R., 2023. "Integrated gasification carbon capture plant using molten carbonate fuel cell: An application to a cement industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    4. Wu, Qingyang & Tan, Chang & Wang, Daoping & Wu, Yongtao & Meng, Jing & Zheng, Heran, 2023. "How carbon emission prices accelerate net zero: Evidence from China's coal-fired power plants," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    5. Chen, Kui & Badji, Abderrezak & Laghrouche, Salah & Djerdir, Abdesslem, 2022. "Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells degradation prediction using multi-kernel relevance vector regression and whale optimization algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).

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