IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v305y2022ics0306261921012034.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Experimental demonstration of an air-source heat pump application using an integrated phase change material storage as a desuperheater for domestic hot water generation

Author

Listed:
  • Emhofer, Johann
  • Marx, Klemens
  • Sporr, Andreas
  • Barz, Tilman
  • Nitsch, Birgo
  • Wiesflecker, Michael
  • Pink, Werner

Abstract

Heat pumps with a three-media refrigerant/phase change material (PCM) water heat exchanger (RPW-HEX), integrated in the hot superheated section after the compressor, have a promising potential for electric energy savings. The RPW-HEX operates as a desuperheater that stores the sensible energy provided by the hot gas during heating and cooling operation for later heat transfer to domestic hot water (DHW) storage devices. So far, such a system has not yet been implemented and analysed in an overall system suitable for heating, cooling and DHW generation. In the present work, the operation of a prototypical heat pump with integrated RPW-HEX connected to three artificial apartments, was demonstrated in the laboratory under controlled ambient conditions. For this purpose, two RPW-HEX modules with a total storage capacity of about 5kWh were integrated into an R32 air-source heat pump with a heating power of about 7.7kW at −10∘C ambient temperature and a feed water temperature of 45∘C. Technical feasibility and operation with rule-based control strategies have been successfully demonstrated for realistic use cases. Besides individual tests, the heat pump was operated over 48hours with and without RPW-HEX at an ambient temperature of −2∘C, a feed water temperature for the heating system of 40∘C. Both systems, achieved the same average COP, but the system with RPW-HEX was able to provide a 10K higher average feed water temperature for DHW generation compared to the system without RPW-HEX. For the same feed water temperatures for DHW generation, an enhancement of about 3.1% of the average COP can be expected with the current system. This is about 60% of the theoretically possible value. Furthermore, for a low feed water temperature for heating of about 32∘C at −2∘C, an enhancement of the average COP up to 9.4% can be expected for the analysed heating and DHW scenario with an improved design.

Suggested Citation

  • Emhofer, Johann & Marx, Klemens & Sporr, Andreas & Barz, Tilman & Nitsch, Birgo & Wiesflecker, Michael & Pink, Werner, 2022. "Experimental demonstration of an air-source heat pump application using an integrated phase change material storage as a desuperheater for domestic hot water generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:305:y:2022:i:c:s0306261921012034
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117890
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261921012034
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117890?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pereira da Cunha, Jose & Eames, Philip, 2016. "Thermal energy storage for low and medium temperature applications using phase change materials – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 227-238.
    2. Cabeza, L.F. & Castell, A. & Barreneche, C. & de Gracia, A. & Fernández, A.I., 2011. "Materials used as PCM in thermal energy storage in buildings: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 1675-1695, April.
    3. Song, Mengjie & Deng, Shiming & Dang, Chaobin & Mao, Ning & Wang, Zhihua, 2018. "Review on improvement for air source heat pump units during frosting and defrosting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 1150-1170.
    4. Du, Kun & Calautit, John & Wang, Zhonghua & Wu, Yupeng & Liu, Hao, 2018. "A review of the applications of phase change materials in cooling, heating and power generation in different temperature ranges," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 242-273.
    5. Zou, Deqiu & Ma, Xianfeng & Liu, Xiaoshi & Zheng, Pengjun & Cai, Baiming & Huang, Jianfeng & Guo, Jiangrong & Liu, Mo, 2017. "Experimental research of an air-source heat pump water heater using water-PCM for heat storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 784-792.
    6. Tay, N.H.S. & Belusko, M. & Bruno, F., 2012. "An effectiveness-NTU technique for characterising tube-in-tank phase change thermal energy storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(1), pages 309-319.
    7. Moreno, Pere & Solé, Cristian & Castell, Albert & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2014. "The use of phase change materials in domestic heat pump and air-conditioning systems for short term storage: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 1-13.
    8. Medrano, M. & Yilmaz, M.O. & Nogués, M. & Martorell, I. & Roca, Joan & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2009. "Experimental evaluation of commercial heat exchangers for use as PCM thermal storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(10), pages 2047-2055, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rendall, Joseph & Elatar, Ahmed & Nawaz, Kashif & Sun, Jian, 2023. "Medium-temperature phase change material integration in domestic heat pump water heaters for improved thermal energy storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    2. Hessam Golmohamadi, 2022. "Demand-Side Flexibility in Power Systems: A Survey of Residential, Industrial, Commercial, and Agricultural Sectors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Du, Ruxue & Wu, Minqiang & Wang, Siqi & Wu, Si & Wang, Ruzhu & Li, Tingxian, 2022. "Experimental investigation on high energy-density and power-density hydrated salt-based thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    4. Rong, Xiangyang & Long, Weiguo & Jia, Jikang & Liu, Lianhua & Si, Pengfei & Shi, Lijun & Yan, Jinyue & Liu, Boran & Zhao, Mishen, 2023. "Experimental study on a multi-evaporator mutual defrosting system for air source heat pumps," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    5. Daniela Dzhonova-Atanasova & Aleksandar Georgiev & Svetoslav Nakov & Stela Panyovska & Tatyana Petrova & Subarna Maiti, 2022. "Compact Thermal Storage with Phase Change Material for Low-Temperature Waste Heat Recovery—Advances and Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-21, November.
    6. Charalambous, Chrysanthos & Heracleous, Chryso & Michael, Aimilios & Efthymiou, Venizelos, 2023. "Hybrid AC-DC distribution system for building integrated photovoltaics and energy storage solutions for heating-cooling purposes. A case study of a historic building in Cyprus," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rostami, Sara & Afrand, Masoud & Shahsavar, Amin & Sheikholeslami, M. & Kalbasi, Rasool & Aghakhani, Saeed & Shadloo, Mostafa Safdari & Oztop, Hakan F., 2020. "A review of melting and freezing processes of PCM/nano-PCM and their application in energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    2. Beyne, W. & T'Jollyn, I. & Lecompte, S. & Cabeza, L.F. & De Paepe, M., 2023. "Standardised methods for the determination of key performance indicators for thermal energy storage heat exchangers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    3. Lizana, Jesús & Chacartegui, Ricardo & Barrios-Padura, Angela & Ortiz, Carlos, 2018. "Advanced low-carbon energy measures based on thermal energy storage in buildings: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 3705-3749.
    4. Chen, C.Q. & Diao, Y.H. & Zhao, Y.H. & Ji, W.H. & Wang, Z.Y. & Liang, L., 2019. "Thermal performance of a thermal-storage unit by using a multichannel flat tube and rectangular fins," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 1280-1291.
    5. Castell, A. & Solé, C., 2015. "An overview on design methodologies for liquid–solid PCM storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 289-307.
    6. Khan, Mohammed Mumtaz A. & Saidur, R. & Al-Sulaiman, Fahad A., 2017. "A review for phase change materials (PCMs) in solar absorption refrigeration systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 105-137.
    7. Kahwaji, Samer & Johnson, Michel B. & Kheirabadi, Ali C. & Groulx, Dominic & White, Mary Anne, 2018. "A comprehensive study of properties of paraffin phase change materials for solar thermal energy storage and thermal management applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1169-1182.
    8. Ioan Sarbu & Calin Sebarchievici, 2018. "A Comprehensive Review of Thermal Energy Storage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-32, January.
    9. Du, Kun & Calautit, John & Eames, Philip & Wu, Yupeng, 2021. "A state-of-the-art review of the application of phase change materials (PCM) in Mobilized-Thermal Energy Storage (M-TES) for recovering low-temperature industrial waste heat (IWH) for distributed heat," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 1040-1057.
    10. Lukas Hegner & Stefan Krimmel & Rebecca Ravotti & Dominic Festini & Jörg Worlitschek & Anastasia Stamatiou, 2021. "Experimental Feasibility Study of a Direct Contact Latent Heat Storage Using an Ester as a Bio-Based Storage Material," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-26, January.
    11. José A. Tenorio & José Sánchez-Ramos & Álvaro Ruiz-Pardo & Servando Álvarez & Luisa F. Cabeza, 2015. "Energy Efficiency Indicators for Assessing Construction Systems Storing Renewable Energy: Application to Phase Change Material-Bearing Façades," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-20, August.
    12. Englmair, Gerald & Moser, Christoph & Furbo, Simon & Dannemand, Mark & Fan, Jianhua, 2018. "Design and functionality of a segmented heat-storage prototype utilizing stable supercooling of sodium acetate trihydrate in a solar heating system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 522-534.
    13. Borderon, Julien & Virgone, Joseph & Cantin, Richard, 2015. "Modeling and simulation of a phase change material system for improving summer comfort in domestic residence," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 288-296.
    14. Drissi, Sarra & Ling, Tung-Chai & Mo, Kim Hung & Eddhahak, Anissa, 2019. "A review of microencapsulated and composite phase change materials: Alteration of strength and thermal properties of cement-based materials," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 467-484.
    15. Zakir Khan & Zulfiqar Ahmad Khan, 2021. "Performance Evaluation of Coupled Thermal Enhancement through Novel Wire-Wound Fins Design and Graphene Nano-Platelets in Shell-and-Tube Latent Heat Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-21, June.
    16. Mohammadreza Ebrahimnataj Tiji & Jasim M. Mahdi & Hayder I. Mohammed & Hasan Sh. Majdi & Abbas Ebrahimi & Rohollah Babaei Mahani & Pouyan Talebizadehsardari & Wahiba Yaïci, 2021. "Natural Convection Effect on Solidification Enhancement in a Multi-Tube Latent Heat Storage System: Effect of Tubes’ Arrangement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-23, November.
    17. Cong Zhou & Yizhen Li & Fenghao Wang & Zeyuan Wang & Qing Xia & Yuping Zhang & Jun Liu & Boyang Liu & Wanlong Cai, 2023. "A Review of the Performance Improvement Methods of Phase Change Materials: Application for the Heat Pump Heating System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-21, March.
    18. Xiao, Biao & Chang, Huawei & He, Lin & Zhao, Shunan & Shu, Shuiming, 2020. "Annual performance analysis of an air source heat pump water heater using a new eco-friendly refrigerant mixture as an alternative to R134a," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 2013-2023.
    19. Costa, Sol Carolina & Kenisarin, Murat, 2022. "A review of metallic materials for latent heat thermal energy storage: Thermophysical properties, applications, and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    20. Zhang, Guozhu & Cao, Ziming & Xiao, Suguang & Guo, Yimu & Li, Chenglin, 2022. "A promising technology of cold energy storage using phase change materials to cool tunnels with geothermal hazards," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Energy efficient DHW generation; Desuperheater; PCM; Air-source heat pump; R32; Storage;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R32 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:305:y:2022:i:c:s0306261921012034. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.