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Early power to gas applications: Reducing wind farm forecast errors and providing secondary control reserve

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  • Grueger, Fabian
  • Möhrke, Fabian
  • Robinius, Martin
  • Stolten, Detlef

Abstract

The combination of wind turbines with fuel cells (FC) and electrolyzers (ELY) is an option for balancing fluctuating grid power injections from renewable energy sources. The conversion of electricity to hydrogen via ELY is often called “power to gas”, while transforming hydrogen to electricity via FC is referred to as re-electrification. The application of these technologies currently faces high costs and finding a positive business case is challenging. This study quantifies the economic potential of marketing FC/ELY systems’ flexibility. Their potential to reduce wind farm forecast errors as well as the system’s ability to provide secondary control reserve (SCR) in Germany is investigated. For this purpose, data for the year 2013 is used. Different root mean squared errors and a probability density function (PDF) for forecast errors are considered. SCR dispatch power in high temporal resolution is approximated and different bidding strategies (SCR market) are taken into account. Results show that both applications can be economically viable, also when being combined. However, profitability is highly dependent on the system’s configuration as well as its operating strategy.

Suggested Citation

  • Grueger, Fabian & Möhrke, Fabian & Robinius, Martin & Stolten, Detlef, 2017. "Early power to gas applications: Reducing wind farm forecast errors and providing secondary control reserve," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 551-562.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:192:y:2017:i:c:p:551-562
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.131
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    Cited by:

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    2. Frank, Elimar & Gorre, Jachin & Ruoss, Fabian & Friedl, Markus J., 2018. "Calculation and analysis of efficiencies and annual performances of Power-to-Gas systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 217-231.
    3. Valerie Eveloy & Tesfaldet Gebreegziabher, 2018. "A Review of Projected Power-to-Gas Deployment Scenarios," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-52, July.
    4. Szoplik, Jolanta & Stelmasińska, Paulina, 2019. "Analysis of gas network storage capacity for alternative fuels in Poland," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 343-353.
    5. Lüth, Alexandra & Werner, Yannick & Egging-Bratseth, Ruud & Kazempour, Jalal, 2022. "Electrolysis as a Flexibility Resource on Energy Islands: The Case of the North Sea," Working Papers 13-2022, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Economics.
    6. Van-Hai Bui & Akhtar Hussain & Thai-Thanh Nguyen & Hak-Man Kim, 2021. "Multi-Objective Stochastic Optimization for Determining Set-Point of Wind Farm System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-16, January.
    7. Martin Robinius & Alexander Otto & Konstantinos Syranidis & David S. Ryberg & Philipp Heuser & Lara Welder & Thomas Grube & Peter Markewitz & Vanessa Tietze & Detlef Stolten, 2017. "Linking the Power and Transport Sectors—Part 2: Modelling a Sector Coupling Scenario for Germany," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-23, July.
    8. Larscheid, Patrick & Lück, Lara & Moser, Albert, 2018. "Potential of new business models for grid integrated water electrolysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 599-608.
    9. van Leeuwen, Charlotte & Mulder, Machiel, 2018. "Power-to-gas in electricity markets dominated by renewables," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 258-272.
    10. Kotowicz, Janusz & Węcel, Daniel & Jurczyk, Michał, 2018. "Analysis of component operation in power-to-gas-to-power installations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 45-59.
    11. Van Dael, Miet & Kreps, Sabine & Virag, Ana & Kessels, Kris & Remans, Koen & Thomas, Denis & De Wilde, Fabian, 2018. "Techno-economic assessment of a microbial power-to-gas plant – Case study in Belgium," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 416-425.
    12. Abadie, Luis Mª & Chamorro, José M., 2023. "Investment in wind-based hydrogen production under economic and physical uncertainties," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).
    13. Li, Xinyu & Mulder, Machiel, 2021. "Value of power-to-gas as a flexibility option in integrated electricity and hydrogen markets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    14. Azadeh Maroufmashat & Michael Fowler, 2017. "Transition of Future Energy System Infrastructure; through Power-to-Gas Pathways," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-22, July.
    15. McKenna, R.C. & Bchini, Q. & Weinand, J.M. & Michaelis, J. & König, S. & Köppel, W. & Fichtner, W., 2018. "The future role of Power-to-Gas in the energy transition: Regional and local techno-economic analyses in Baden-Württemberg," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 386-400.
    16. Janke, Leandro & McDonagh, Shane & Weinrich, Sören & Murphy, Jerry & Nilsson, Daniel & Hansson, Per-Anders & Nordberg, Åke, 2020. "Optimizing power-to-H2 participation in the Nord Pool electricity market: Effects of different bidding strategies on plant operation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 820-836.
    17. Gorre, Jachin & Ruoss, Fabian & Karjunen, Hannu & Schaffert, Johannes & Tynjälä, Tero, 2020. "Cost benefits of optimizing hydrogen storage and methanation capacities for Power-to-Gas plants in dynamic operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    18. Zhang, Xian & Chan, K.W. & Wang, Huaizhi & Hu, Jiefeng & Zhou, Bin & Zhang, Yan & Qiu, Jing, 2019. "Game-theoretic planning for integrated energy system with independent participants considering ancillary services of power-to-gas stations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 249-264.
    19. Apostolou, Dimitrios & Enevoldsen, Peter, 2019. "The past, present and potential of hydrogen as a multifunctional storage application for wind power," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 917-929.
    20. Katla, Daria & Jurczyk, Michał & Skorek-Osikowska, Anna & Uchman, Wojciech, 2021. "Analysis of the integrated system of electrolysis and methanation units for the production of synthetic natural gas (SNG)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    21. McDonagh, Shane & Ahmed, Shorif & Desmond, Cian & Murphy, Jerry D, 2020. "Hydrogen from offshore wind: Investor perspective on the profitability of a hybrid system including for curtailment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    22. Paweł Pijarski & Piotr Kacejko, 2021. "Voltage Optimization in MV Network with Distributed Generation Using Power Consumption Control in Electrolysis Installations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    23. Ipsakis, Dimitris & Kraia, Tzouliana & Konsolakis, Michalis & Marnellos, George, 2018. "Remediation of Black Sea ecosystem and pure H2 generation via H2S-H2O co-electrolysis in a proton-conducting membrane cell stack reactor: A feasibility study of the integrated and autonomous approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 806-818.
    24. Uchman, Wojciech & Skorek-Osikowska, Anna & Jurczyk, Michał & Węcel, Daniel, 2020. "The analysis of dynamic operation of power-to-SNG system with hydrogen generator powered with renewable energy, hydrogen storage and methanation unit," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    25. Grüger, Fabian & Dylewski, Lucy & Robinius, Martin & Stolten, Detlef, 2018. "Carsharing with fuel cell vehicles: Sizing hydrogen refueling stations based on refueling behavior," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1540-1549.

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