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Geothermal exploitation from depleted high temperature gas reservoirs via recycling supercritical CO2: Heat mining rate and salt precipitation effects

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  • Cui, Guodong
  • Zhang, Liang
  • Ren, Bo
  • Enechukwu, Chioma
  • Liu, Yanmin
  • Ren, Shaoran

Abstract

The geothermal energy in depleted high temperature gas reservoirs can be developed using existing wells and surface facilities via recycling water or supercritical CO2 after natural gas production. For a typical medium-size gas field, the recoverable geothermal energy can be equivalent to over 10milliontons of standard coal. The injection of CO2 can improve the heat mining rate, and it can also enhance gas recovery at the early stage of the process and achieve geological storage of CO2. However, a big concern in the injection of CO2 is the salt precipitation induced by the interactions between the injected CO2 and the formation water, which might cause reservoir damage and subsequently affect the flow behavior and the heat mining rate. In this paper, a comprehensive model of geothermal exploitation from gas reservoirs via CO2 injection was established, in which the processes of formation water evaporation, salt dissolution and precipitation, and their effects on formation porosity and permeability were incorporated. The influences of various parameters on geothermal recovery and salt precipitation were investigated by using this model, including the saturation and salinity of formation waters, injection-production pressure difference, and the permeability and porosity of the gas reservoirs. The results show that, for the gas reservoir studied at a temperature of 130°C (i.e. with a volume of 1000m×500m×50m), the heat mining rate of one injector-producer pair can be maintained at about 5MW with a CO2 recycling rate of 3000t/day for 30years. The effect of salt precipitation is moderate, and it is dependent on the reservoir conditions. Especially, salt precipitation occurs severely in the near well region when the remaining water saturation is higher than the irreducible water saturation. Meanwhile, water evaporation induced by CO2 injection may cause a back flow of formation water due to the effects of gravity and capillarity, which can intensify the evaporation and increase the salt precipitation and enrichment in the region. This can cause a reduction of permeability which therefore decreases the heat mining rate. Different methods for reducing salt precipitation was proposed and evaluated accordingly, including injection of low salinity water prior to CO2 injection and co-injection of CO2 and fresh water.

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  • Cui, Guodong & Zhang, Liang & Ren, Bo & Enechukwu, Chioma & Liu, Yanmin & Ren, Shaoran, 2016. "Geothermal exploitation from depleted high temperature gas reservoirs via recycling supercritical CO2: Heat mining rate and salt precipitation effects," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 837-852.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:183:y:2016:i:c:p:837-852
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.09.029
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    6. Cui, Guodong & Pei, Shufeng & Rui, Zhenhua & Dou, Bin & Ning, Fulong & Wang, Jiaqiang, 2021. "Whole process analysis of geothermal exploitation and power generation from a depleted high-temperature gas reservoir by recycling CO2," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    7. Song, Weiqiang & Wang, Chunguang & Du, Yukun & Shen, Baotang & Chen, Shaojie & Jiang, Yujing, 2020. "Comparative analysis on the heat transfer efficiency of supercritical CO2 and H2O in the production well of enhanced geothermal system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    8. Sharma, P. & Al Saedi, A.Q. & Kabir, C.S., 2020. "Geothermal energy extraction with wellbore heat exchanger: Analytical model and parameter evaluation to optimize heat recovery," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 1-8.
    9. Vafaie, Atefeh & Cama, Jordi & Soler, Josep M. & Kivi, Iman R. & Vilarrasa, Victor, 2023. "Chemo-hydro-mechanical effects of CO2 injection on reservoir and seal rocks: A review on laboratory experiments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    10. Wang, Yanyong & Wang, Xiaoguang & Xu, Huyang & Wang, Yanqing & Jiang, Chuanyin, 2022. "Numerical investigation of the influences of geological controlling factors on heat extraction from hydrothermal reservoirs by CO2 recycling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    11. Wang, Yang & Voskov, Denis & Khait, Mark & Saeid, Sanaz & Bruhn, David, 2021. "Influential factors on the development of a low-enthalpy geothermal reservoir: A sensitivity study of a realistic field," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 641-651.
    12. Jiangyuan Yao & Wanju Yuan & Xiaolong Peng & Zhuoheng Chen & Yongan Gu, 2023. "A Novel Multi-Phase Strategy for Optimizing CO 2 Utilization and Storage in an Oil Reservoir," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-19, July.
    13. Daniilidis, Alexandros & Scholten, Tjardo & Hooghiem, Joram & De Persis, Claudio & Herber, Rien, 2017. "Geochemical implications of production and storage control by coupling a direct-use geothermal system with heat networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 254-270.
    14. Ezekiel, Justin & Ebigbo, Anozie & Adams, Benjamin M. & Saar, Martin O., 2020. "Combining natural gas recovery and CO2-based geothermal energy extraction for electric power generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    15. Shu, Biao & Zhu, Runjun & Elsworth, Derek & Dick, Jeffrey & Liu, Shun & Tan, Jingqiang & Zhang, Shaohe, 2020. "Effect of temperature and confining pressure on the evolution of hydraulic and heat transfer properties of geothermal fracture in granite," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    16. Kang, Fangchao & Jia, Tianrang & Li, Yingchun & Deng, Jianhui & Tang, Chun'an & Huang, Xin, 2021. "Experimental study on the physical and mechanical variations of hot granite under different cooling treatments," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1316-1328.
    17. Cui, Guodong & Wang, Yi & Rui, Zhenhua & Chen, Bailian & Ren, Shaoran & Zhang, Liang, 2018. "Assessing the combined influence of fluid-rock interactions on reservoir properties and injectivity during CO2 storage in saline aquifers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 281-296.
    18. Zhang, Lisong & Jiang, Menggang & Yang, Qingchun & Chen, Shaoying & Wang, Wei, 2023. "Evolution of fault-induced salt precipitation due to convection of CO2 and brine along fault during CO2 storage in multilayered saline aquifer-caprock," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    19. Cui, Guodong & Ren, Shaoran & Rui, Zhenhua & Ezekiel, Justin & Zhang, Liang & Wang, Hongsheng, 2018. "The influence of complicated fluid-rock interactions on the geothermal exploitation in the CO2 plume geothermal system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C), pages 49-63.
    20. Tomasz Topór & Małgorzata Słota-Valim & Rafał Kudrewicz, 2023. "Assessing the Geothermal Potential of Selected Depleted Oil and Gas Reservoirs Based on Geological Modeling and Machine Learning Tools," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-19, July.

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