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Investigation of soot formation of spark-ignited ethanol-blended gasoline sprays with single- and multi-component base fuels

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  • Storch, Michael
  • Koegl, Matthias
  • Altenhoff, Michael
  • Will, Stefan
  • Zigan, Lars

Abstract

Soot formation in DISI-(direct-injection spark-ignition) sprays is analyzed for ethanol-mixtures under stratified charge conditions. The investigation is conducted in a constant volume chamber (CVC), which is equipped with a spark ignition system. The operating conditions of the chamber are 0.8MPa and 473K. In previous studies, soot luminosity imaging indicated higher sooting tendencies for E20 (20vol.% of ethanol in isooctane) sprays in comparison to pure isooctane and pure ethanol, however, no quantification of the soot distribution was possible. In this study, 2D laser-induced incandescence measurements (LII) in combination with laser extinction measurements (LEM) were performed for measurement of soot volume fraction distribution in the spray flame. The results show that soot is mainly formed in the spray front due to droplet combustion. Furthermore, soot volume fraction results confirm an increased sooting tendency of E20 compared to pure isooctane under the investigated conditions although the chemical properties of ethanol should reduce soot formation. This behavior can be explained by the delayed evaporation of E20 in comparison to isooctane due to physical fuel properties (mainly the enthalpy of evaporation), which are more important for soot formation especially at these short mixing times. Similar trends were found for the more complex multi-component fuel mixture isooctane-toluene (TolIso) and gasoline, both blended with 20vol.% ethanol. Here, single combustion cycles were observed, where E20 exhibits higher soot volume fraction.

Suggested Citation

  • Storch, Michael & Koegl, Matthias & Altenhoff, Michael & Will, Stefan & Zigan, Lars, 2016. "Investigation of soot formation of spark-ignited ethanol-blended gasoline sprays with single- and multi-component base fuels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 278-287.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:181:y:2016:i:c:p:278-287
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.059
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Storch, Michael & Hinrichsen, Florian & Wensing, Michael & Will, Stefan & Zigan, Lars, 2015. "The effect of ethanol blending on mixture formation, combustion and soot emission studied in an optical DISI engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 783-792.
    2. Daniel, Ritchie & Xu, Hongming & Wang, Chongming & Richardson, Dave & Shuai, Shijin, 2013. "Gaseous and particulate matter emissions of biofuel blends in dual-injection compared to direct-injection and port injection," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 252-261.
    3. Bonatesta, F. & Chiappetta, E. & La Rocca, A., 2014. "Part-load particulate matter from a GDI engine and the connection with combustion characteristics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 366-376.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rodica Niculescu & Adrian Clenci & Victor Iorga-Siman, 2019. "Review on the Use of Diesel–Biodiesel–Alcohol Blends in Compression Ignition Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-41, March.
    2. Magín Lapuerta & Rosario Ballesteros & Javier Barba, 2017. "Strategies to Introduce n-Butanol in Gasoline Blends," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-10, April.
    3. Koegl, M. & Hofbeck, B. & Will, S. & Zigan, L., 2018. "Investigation of soot formation and oxidation of ethanol and butanol fuel blends in a DISI engine at different exhaust gas recirculation rates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 426-434.
    4. Jia, Guorui & Wang, Hu & Tong, Laihui & Wang, Xiaofeng & Zheng, Zunqing & Yao, Mingfa, 2017. "Experimental and numerical studies on three gasoline surrogates applied in gasoline compression ignition (GCI) mode," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 59-70.

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