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Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of passenger cars over the New Worldwide Harmonized Test Protocol

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  • Tsokolis, D.
  • Tsiakmakis, S.
  • Dimaratos, A.
  • Fontaras, G.
  • Pistikopoulos, P.
  • Ciuffo, B.
  • Samaras, Z.

Abstract

In 2014 the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) adopted the global technical regulation No. 15 concerning the Worldwide harmonized Light duty Test Procedure (WLTP). Having significantly contributed to its development, the European Commission is now aiming at introducing the new test procedure in the European type-approval legislation for light duty vehicles in order to replace the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) as the certification test.

Suggested Citation

  • Tsokolis, D. & Tsiakmakis, S. & Dimaratos, A. & Fontaras, G. & Pistikopoulos, P. & Ciuffo, B. & Samaras, Z., 2016. "Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of passenger cars over the New Worldwide Harmonized Test Protocol," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1152-1165.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:179:y:2016:i:c:p:1152-1165
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.091
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    1. Pavlovic, J. & Ciuffo, B. & Fontaras, G. & Valverde, V. & Marotta, A., 2018. "How much difference in type-approval CO2 emissions from passenger cars in Europe can be expected from changing to the new test procedure (NEDC vs. WLTP)?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 136-147.
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    4. Fontaras, Georgios & Valverde, Víctor & Arcidiacono, Vincenzo & Tsiakmakis, Stefanos & Anagnostopoulos, Konstantinos & Komnos, Dimitrios & Pavlovic, Jelica & Ciuffo, Biagio, 2018. "The development and validation of a vehicle simulator for the introduction of Worldwide Harmonized test protocol in the European light duty vehicle CO2 certification process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 784-796.
    5. Sousa, Nuno & Almeida, Arminda & Coutinho-Rodrigues, João, 2020. "A multicriteria methodology for estimating consumer acceptance of alternative powertrain technologies," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 18-32.
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    7. Tsiakmakis, Stefanos & Fontaras, Georgios & Dornoff, Jan & Valverde, Victor & Komnos, Dimitrios & Ciuffo, Biagio & Mock, Peter & Samaras, Zissis, 2019. "From lab-to-road & vice-versa: Using a simulation-based approach for predicting real-world CO2 emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1153-1165.
    8. Huu Linh Nguyen & Jeasu Han & Xuan Linh Nguyen & Sangseok Yu & Young-Mo Goo & Duc Dung Le, 2021. "Review of the Durability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell in Long-Term Operation: Main Influencing Parameters and Testing Protocols," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-34, July.
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    10. Huang, Yuhan & Surawski, Nic C. & Zhuang, Yuan & Zhou, John L. & Hong, Guang, 2021. "Dual injection: An effective and efficient technology to use renewable fuels in spark ignition engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    11. Karol Tucki & Remigiusz Mruk & Olga Orynycz & Katarzyna Botwińska & Arkadiusz Gola & Anna Bączyk, 2019. "Toxicity of Exhaust Fumes (CO, NO x ) of the Compression-Ignition (Diesel) Engine with the Use of Simulation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-15, April.
    12. Buberger, Johannes & Kersten, Anton & Kuder, Manuel & Eckerle, Richard & Weyh, Thomas & Thiringer, Torbjörn, 2022. "Total CO2-equivalent life-cycle emissions from commercially available passenger cars," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    13. Xu, Jiamin & Zhang, Caizhi & Fan, Ruijia & Bao, Huanhuan & Wang, Yi & Huang, Shulong & Chin, Cheng Siong & Li, Congxin, 2020. "Modelling and control of vehicle integrated thermal management system of PEM fuel cell vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    14. Triantafyllopoulos, Georgios & Kontses, Anastasios & Tsokolis, Dimitrios & Ntziachristos, Leonidas & Samaras, Zissis, 2017. "Potential of energy efficiency technologies in reducing vehicle consumption under type approval and real world conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 365-373.
    15. Zhou, Xianjie & Chen, Zheng & Zou, Peng & Liu, Jingping & Duan, Xiongbo & Qin, Tao & Zhang, Shiheng & Shen, Dazi, 2020. "Combustion and energy balance analysis of an unthrottled gasoline engine equipped with innovative variable valvetrain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    16. Trancho, E. & Ibarra, E. & Arias, A. & Kortabarria, I. & Prieto, P. & Martínez de Alegría, I. & Andreu, J. & López, I., 2018. "Sensorless control strategy for light-duty EVs and efficiency loss evaluation of high frequency injection under standardized urban driving cycles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C), pages 647-658.
    17. Evangelos G. Giakoumis & Alexandros T. Zachiotis, 2017. "Investigation of a Diesel-Engined Vehicle’s Performance and Emissions during the WLTC Driving Cycle—Comparison with the NEDC," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-19, February.
    18. Pirjola, Liisa & Kuuluvainen, Heino & Timonen, Hilkka & Saarikoski, Sanna & Teinilä, Kimmo & Salo, Laura & Datta, Arindam & Simonen, Pauli & Karjalainen, Panu & Kulmala, Kari & Rönkkö, Topi, 2019. "Potential of renewable fuel to reduce diesel exhaust particle emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    19. S. M. Ashrafur Rahman & I. M. Rizwanul Fattah & Hwai Chyuan Ong & Fajle Rabbi Ashik & Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan & Md Tausif Murshed & Md Ashraful Imran & Md Hamidur Rahman & Md Akibur Rahman & Mohammad, 2021. "State-of-the-Art of Establishing Test Procedures for Real Driving Gaseous Emissions from Light- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-32, July.
    20. Michele De Santis & Sandro Agnelli & Fabrizio Patanè & Oliviero Giannini & Gino Bella, 2018. "Experimental Study for the Assessment of the Measurement Uncertainty Associated with Electric Powertrain Efficiency Using the Back-to-Back Direct Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-19, December.
    21. Tsiakmakis, Stefanos & Fontaras, Georgios & Ciuffo, Biagio & Samaras, Zissis, 2017. "A simulation-based methodology for quantifying European passenger car fleet CO2 emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 447-465.
    22. Ciuffo, B. & Fontaras, G., 2017. "Models and scientific tools for regulatory purposes: The case of CO2 emissions from light duty vehicles in Europe," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 76-81.
    23. Song, Jingeun & Cha, Junepyo, 2022. "Development of prediction methodology for CO2 emissions and fuel economy of light duty vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).
    24. Tietge, Uwe & Mock, Peter & Franco, Vicente & Zacharof, Nikiforos, 2017. "From laboratory to road: Modeling the divergence between official and real-world fuel consumption and CO2 emission values in the German passenger car market for the years 2001–2014," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 212-222.

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    Keywords

    CO2 emissions; NEDC; WLTP; European Regulation;
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