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A combined optimal sizing and energy management approach for hybrid in-wheel motors of EVs

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  • Hung, Yi-Hsuan
  • Wu, Chien-Hsun

Abstract

In-wheel motors (IWMs) substantially influence the output performance of electric vehicles (EVs). Size design and control issues are two critical factors to be explored. This paper proposes the use of hybridization for integrating dual motors to enhance EV system dynamics. A combined optimal sizing/control approach was developed using the global search method (GSM). The optimal control (torque ratio) of dual motors was first proposed using the nested-structure for-loop program to minimize the consumed power according to various power ratios. The next combined sizing/control developed using the GSM facilitated the search for the optimal control, power ratios, and T–N (Torque–Speed) ratios to minimize the accumulated energy consumed during ECE40 and UDDS driving cycles. The results from simulations of these two cycles indicated that the energy consumption during optimal control improved by 1.23% and 1.40%, 8.34% and 7.16% after optimal sizing, and the combined optimization improved total consumed energy by 15.31% and 15.16%, respectively. These results suggest that employing the novel hybrid IWM powertrains while using the combined sizing/control method can facilitate energy conservation. A real testing platform will be developed in the future.

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  • Hung, Yi-Hsuan & Wu, Chien-Hsun, 2015. "A combined optimal sizing and energy management approach for hybrid in-wheel motors of EVs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 260-271.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:139:y:2015:i:c:p:260-271
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.11.028
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    9. Mingchun Liu & Feihong Gu & Juhua Huang & Changjiang Wang & Ming Cao, 2017. "Integration Design and Optimization Control of a Dynamic Vibration Absorber for Electric Wheels with In-Wheel Motor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-23, December.
    10. Jiajun Liu & Tianxu Jin & Li Liu & Yajue Chen & Kun Yuan, 2017. "Multi-Objective Optimization of a Hybrid ESS Based on Optimal Energy Management Strategy for LHDs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-18, October.
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    17. Lei, Fei & Gu, Ke & Du, Bin & Xie, Xiaoping, 2017. "Comprehensive global optimization of an implicit constrained multi-physics system for electric vehicles with in-wheel motors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 523-534.
    18. Zhu, Xiaoyong & Fan, Deyang & Xiang, Zixuan & Quan, Li & Hua, Wei & Cheng, Ming, 2019. "Systematic multi-level optimization design and dynamic control of less-rare-earth hybrid permanent magnet motor for all-climatic electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    19. Long, Guimin & Ding, Fei & Zhang, Nong & Zhang, Jie & Qin, An, 2020. "Regenerative active suspension system with residual energy for in-wheel motor driven electric vehicle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
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