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Socio-economic performance of a novel solar photovoltaic/loop-heat-pipe heat pump water heating system in three different climatic regions

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  • Zhang, Xingxing
  • Shen, Jingchun
  • Xu, Peng
  • Zhao, Xudong
  • Xu, Ying

Abstract

This paper aimed to study the socio-economic performance of a novel solar photovoltaic/loop-heat-pipe (PV/LHP) heat pump water heating system for application in three different climatic regions, namely, cold area represented by London, warm area represented by Shanghai, and hot (subtropical) area represented by Hong Kong. This study involved prediction of the annual fossil-fuel energy saving, investment return period and carbon emission reduction of the new system against the traditional gas-fired and electrical boilers based water heating systems. An established dynamic model developed by the authors was utilised to predict the system’s energy performance throughout a year in the three climatic regions. A life-cycle analytical model was further developed to analyse the economic and environmental benefits of the new system relative to the traditional systems. Analyses of the modelling results drew out several conclusive remarks: (1) the system could achieve the highest energy efficiency when operating at the hot (subtropical) climatic region (represented by Hong Kong), enabling the heat output of as high as 922kWh/m2yr and water temperature of above 45°C, while the grid power input is only 59kWh/m2yr; (2) the system is worth for investment when operating at the high energy charging tariff area (represented by London), with the cost payback periods of 8 and 5years relative to the traditional gas-fired and electrical boilers based systems, respectively; (3) the system could obtain the most promising environmental benefits when operating in Shanghai where the energy quality (embodied carbon volume of per kWh energy) is relatively poor, enabling reduction in life-cycle carbon emissions of around 4.08tons/m2 and 17.87tons/m2 respectively, relative to the gas-fired and electrical boilers. Answer to such a question on which area is most suitable for the system application is highly dependent upon the priority order among the three dominating factors: (1) energy efficiency, (2) economic revenue, and (3) environmental benefit, which may vary with the users, local concerns and policy influence, etc. The research results will be able to assist in decision making in implementation of the new PV/thermal technology and analyses of the associated economic and environmental benefits, thus contributing to realisation of the regional and global targets on fossil fuel energy saving and environmental sustainability.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Xingxing & Shen, Jingchun & Xu, Peng & Zhao, Xudong & Xu, Ying, 2014. "Socio-economic performance of a novel solar photovoltaic/loop-heat-pipe heat pump water heating system in three different climatic regions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 20-34.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:135:y:2014:i:c:p:20-34
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.08.074
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    16. Shehadeh, Shadi H. & Aly, Hamed H. & El-Hawary, M.E., 2019. "Investigation of photovoltaic coverage ratio for maximum overall thermal energy of photovoltaic thermal system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 757-768.
    17. Vrishali Subramanian & Elena Semenzin & Danail Hristozov & Esther Zondervan-van den Beuken & Igor Linkov & Antonio Marcomini, 2015. "Review of decision analytic tools for sustainable nanotechnology," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 35(1), pages 29-41, March.
    18. Jouhara, H. & Milko, J. & Danielewicz, J. & Sayegh, M.A. & Szulgowska-Zgrzywa, M. & Ramos, J.B. & Lester, S.P., 2016. "The performance of a novel flat heat pipe based thermal and PV/T (photovoltaic and thermal systems) solar collector that can be used as an energy-active building envelope material," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 148-154.
    19. Chae, Kyu-Jung & Ren, Xianghao, 2016. "Flexible and stable heat energy recovery from municipal wastewater treatment plants using a fixed-inverter hybrid heat pump system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 565-574.
    20. Krishna Muniyoor, 2020. "Cost-benefit analysis of adopting the solar photovoltaic water pumping system: A case of Rajasthan," ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2020(2), pages 35-49.
    21. Yuan, Shengxi & Stainsby, Wendell & Li, Mo & Xu, Kewei & Waite, Michael & Zimmerle, Dan & Feiock, Richard & Ramaswami, Anu & Modi, Vijay, 2019. "Future energy scenarios with distributed technology options for residential city blocks in three climate regions of the United States," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 60-69.
    22. Jin, Xin & Wu, Fengping & Xu, Tao & Huang, Gongsheng & Wu, Huijun & Zhou, Xiaoqing & Wang, Dengjia & Liu, Yanfeng & Lai, Alvin CK., 2021. "Experimental investigation of the novel melting point modified Phase–Change material for heat pump latent heat thermal energy storage application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    23. Eui Guk Jung & Joon Hong Boo, 2019. "A Novel Analytical Modeling of a Loop Heat Pipe Employing Thin-Film Theory: Part II—Experimental Validation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-15, June.
    24. Fahad AlAmri & Gaydaa AlZohbi & Mohammed AlZahrani & Mohammed Aboulebdah, 2021. "Analytical Modeling and Optimization of a Heat Sink Design for Passive Cooling of Solar PV Panel," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-23, March.

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