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Esterification of oleic acid to biodiesel using magnetic ionic liquid: Multi-objective optimization and kinetic study

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  • Mohammad Fauzi, Ahmad Hafiidz
  • Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina
  • Mat, Ramli

Abstract

The esterification of oleic acid in the presence of magnetic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate ([BMIM][FeCl4]) at reaction temperature of 65°C has been investigated. Artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) was used to simultaneously optimized methyl oleate yield and oleic acid conversion for the reaction. It was found that optimum responses for both yield and conversion were 83.4%, which can be achieved using molar ratio methanol–oleic acid of 22:1, catalyst loading of 0.003mol and reaction time at 3.6h. Esterification of oleic acid at optimum condition using recycled [BMIM][FeCl4] registered not much loss in catalytic activity after six successive runs. Kinetic study indicated that the reaction followed a pseudo-first order reaction, with activation energy and pre-activation energy of 17.97kJ/mol and 181.62min−1, respectively. These values were relatively low compared to homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts for esterification of oleic acid. Thus, [BMIM][FeCl4] is a promising new type of catalyst for conversion of high free fatty acid (FFA) feeds to biodiesel.

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  • Mohammad Fauzi, Ahmad Hafiidz & Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina & Mat, Ramli, 2014. "Esterification of oleic acid to biodiesel using magnetic ionic liquid: Multi-objective optimization and kinetic study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 809-818.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:114:y:2014:i:c:p:809-818
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.011
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    12. Zhang, Heng & Li, Hu & Pan, Hu & Wang, Anping & Souzanchi, Sadra & Xu, Chunbao (Charles) & Yang, Song, 2018. "Magnetically recyclable acidic polymeric ionic liquids decorated with hydrophobic regulators as highly efficient and stable catalysts for biodiesel production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 416-429.
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