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Interaction and adaptation of phosphorus fertilizer and calcium ion in drip irrigation systems: the perspective of emitter clogging

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  • Xiao, Yang
  • Ma, Changjian
  • Li, Mengyao
  • Zhangzhong, Lili
  • Song, Peng
  • Li, Yunkai

Abstract

Emitter clogging is a major challenge for phosphorus drip irrigation systems (PDIS). Calcium ions (Ca2+) play an important role in PDIS clogging. However, the effects of Ca2+ and phosphorus fertilizer interactions on emitter clogging are largely unknown. This study investigated the emitter clogging behaviors with four Ca2+ concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg L−1) and three phosphorus application strategies (no-fertilization, urea phosphate, and mono-ammonium phosphate). Results show that Ca2+ concentrations, phosphorous fertilizer, and their interaction significantly affected emitter clogging. At low concentrations of Ca2+, phosphorus fertilizer applications reduced emitter clogging when compared to no-fertilization. When Ca2+ concentration was 25 mg L−1, phosphate fertilizer reduced the dry weight of clogging substances by 25–45%. Because the phosphate ions (PO43-) hydrolyzed from phosphate fertilizer competed for Ca2+ with carbonate ions (CO32-), which reduced the formation of calcium carbonates. In contrast, phosphorus fertilizer applications increased emitter clogging at high Ca2+ concentrations. When Ca2+ concentration was 200 mg L−1, phosphate fertilizer increased the dry weight of clogging substances by 18–36%. Because abundant Ca2+ interacted with PO43- to form phosphate precipitations. Furthermore, urea phosphate posed fewer clogging risks than mono-ammonium phosphate, and the demarcation Ca2+ concentrations (i.e., no increase or decrease in emitter clogging after fertigation) for urea phosphate and mono-ammonium phosphate were approximately 150 mg L−1 and 50 mg L−1, respectively. Lastly, phosphate fertilizer application and a rise in Ca2+ concentration significantly increased the deposition of water particles. To mitigate emitter clogging of PDIS, it is suggested that phosphorus fertilizer types and suitable Ca2+ concentrations be adapted, as well as water filtration should be enhanced. This study clarified the effects of phosphate fertilizer and Ca2+ coupling on emitter clogging, with implications for resolving the PDIS clogging issue and promoting the application of phosphorus drip irrigation technology.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiao, Yang & Ma, Changjian & Li, Mengyao & Zhangzhong, Lili & Song, Peng & Li, Yunkai, 2023. "Interaction and adaptation of phosphorus fertilizer and calcium ion in drip irrigation systems: the perspective of emitter clogging," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:282:y:2023:i:c:s0378377423001348
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108269
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wouter J. E. M. Habraken & Jinhui Tao & Laura J. Brylka & Heiner Friedrich & Luca Bertinetti & Anna S. Schenk & Andreas Verch & Vladimir Dmitrovic & Paul H. H. Bomans & Peter M. Frederik & Jozua Laven, 2013. "Ion-association complexes unite classical and non-classical theories for the biomimetic nucleation of calcium phosphate," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-12, June.
    2. Shen, Yan & Puig-Bargués, Jaume & Li, Mengyao & Xiao, Yang & Li, Qiang & Li, Yunkai, 2022. "Physical, chemical and biological emitter clogging behaviors in drip irrigation systems using high-sediment loaded water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    3. Fan, Jiangchuan & Lu, Xianju & Gu, Shenghao & Guo, Xinyu, 2020. "Improving nutrient and water use efficiencies using water-drip irrigation and fertilization technology in Northeast China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    4. Muhammad, Tahir & Zhou, Bo & Liu, Zeyuan & Chen, Xiuzhi & Li, Yunkai, 2021. "Effects of phosphorus-fertigation on emitter clogging in drip irrigation system with saline water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
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    1. Wang, Yayu & Xiao, Yang & Puig-Bargués, Jaume & Zhou, Bo & Liu, Zeyuan & Muhammad, Tahir & Liang, Hongbang & Maitusong, Memetmin & Wang, Zhenhua & Li, Yunkai, 2023. "Assessment of water quality ions in brackish water on drip irrigation system performance applied in saline areas," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    2. Rui Li & Qibiao Han & Conghui Dong & Xi Nan & Hao Li & Hao Sun & Hui Li & Peng Li & Yawei Hu, 2023. "Effect and Mechanism of Micro-Nano Aeration Treatment on a Drip Irrigation Emitter Based on Groundwater," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-17, October.

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