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Nachfrageorientierte Technologiepolitik und internationaler Exporterfolg

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  • Rian Beise-Zee

Abstract

Research and Technology policy has been under scrutiny to produce commercially successful innovations. It has been suggested that governments should support this goal by inducing the adoption of new technologies with demand side policies such as public procurement. However, there are several problems associated with a simple demand sided policy. First of all it is prone to be used predominantly for the same technologies that have received considerable public research funds in order increase the success rate of supply side policies. Secondly, if the trend is set towards an opening- up of the innovation process in large corporations towards society, sometimes called innovation "democratization", the role of the government should be to facilitate the participation of broad strata of the society instead of selecting the dominant technology designs. Thirdly, the international success of a domestic technology might be inhibited by domestic demand-side policies. The lead-lag model offers an alternative perspective on demand-side policies that largely take the factors into consideration that render a domestically successful technological design an international commercial success. The role of the public institutions is to strengthen the nation-specific attributes of a country that increases the ability of a country market to lead, so that there are incentives at place for other countries to follow and adopt the same technological designs. In den letzten Jahren wird verstärkt die Einbindung der Nachfrageseite in die Forschungspolitik gefordert. Danach soll der Staat stärker als Nachfrager neuer Technologien auftreten. Allerdings wirft eine simple Nachfrage schaffende Politik viele Fragen auf. Es droht zum einen die Gefahr, dass vor allem diejenigen Technologien nachfrageseitig gefördert werden, die schon Forschungsförderung erhalten haben, allein um die Erfolgsquote der Forschungsförderung zu erhöhen. Zum anderen ist zu fragen, ob dem Staat die Aufgabe zufallen soll, das für die gesamte Gesellschaft beste Technologiedesign auszuwählen anstatt das dem Wettbewerb im Markt zu überlassen. Es ist vor allem zu klären ob der Staat nicht nur den lokalen sondern auch den internationalen Erfolg lokaler Technologien fördern kann oder nicht etwa konterkariert. In diesem Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass eine simple Version einer nachfrageorientierten Forschungspolitik zu sehr an einer veralteten Vorstellung des technischen Fortschritts hängt. Eine moderne Technologiepolitik hat den Trend hin zur Öffnung der des Innovationsgeschehens in Großunternehmen und der zu beobachtenden "Demokratisierung" von Innovation ernst zu nehmen. Die zukünftige Rolle des Staates sollte nicht darin zu sehen sein, als früher Nachfrager neuer Technologien aufzutreten, sondern die Partizipation breiter Anwenderschichten an der Technologieentwicklung zu ermöglichen und zu unterstützen. Das Lead- Lag-Modell international erfolgreicher Innovationen zeigt zudem Ansatzpunkte auf, die Rolle der lokalen Marktnachfrage bei der internationalen Durchsetzung von heimischen Innovationen zu stärken ohne selbst als Nachfrager auftreten zu müssen.

Suggested Citation

  • Rian Beise-Zee, 2008. "Nachfrageorientierte Technologiepolitik und internationaler Exporterfolg," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 77(2), pages 33-46.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:77-2-3
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.77.2.33
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Technologiepolitik; Nachfrage nach Innovationen; internationale Diffusion von Innovationen;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • O38 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Government Policy

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