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Migración venezolana y productividad laboral en Colombia

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  • Miguel Benítez Rueda

Abstract

Como consecuencia de la crisis económica y social que atraviesa Venezuela, entre 2014 y 2019 cerca de 5 millones de venezolanos abandonaron el país. Colombia ha sido el principal receptor de migrantes, quienes a finales de 2019 representaban cerca del 4,4% de la población colombiana y el 5,2% de los trabajadores ocupados. A través de un modelo de efectos fijos y usando información sobre productividad laboral y migración para 60 subsectores económicos en Colombia durante el período 2013-2019, este estudio encuentra relaciones heterogéneas significativas por nivel educativo y formalización laboral. En particular, en aquellos sectores donde los migrantes tienen entre 0 y 8 anos de escolaridad, en promedio, se estima que un aumento de 1 punto porcentual (p.p.) de los migrantes se relaciona con una productividad entre 1,5% y 5% menor. En contraste, esta estimación es positiva (entre 0,4 y 5%) cuando los migrantes tienen más de 11 anos de escolaridad. De manera similar, se estima que cuando menos del 10% de los migrantes son formales en un sector, la migración se asocia con una productividad menor (entre 0,1 y 1%, en promedio). En contraste, si la formalización de los migrantes es mayor al 50%, se calcula que la migración se relaciona con una productividad entre 0,4% y 1,2% mayor. Estos resultados se mantienen luego de incluir errores estándar por clúster y realizar distintas pruebas de robustez.

Suggested Citation

  • Miguel Benítez Rueda, 2022. "Migración venezolana y productividad laboral en Colombia," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 52, pages 35-64, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:020708
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Migración Venezolana; Productividad Laboral; Educación; Capital Humano;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

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