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Double Disadvantages: A Study of Ethnic and Hukou Effects on Class Mobility in China (1996–2014)

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  • Yaojun Li

    (Department of Sociology, University of Manchester, UK, and Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, UK)

  • Yizhang Zhao

    (Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK)

Abstract

This paper examines the ethnic and household registration system (hukou) effects on intergenerational social mobility for men in China. Using national representative surveys covering almost two decades (1996–2014), we assess both absolute and relative rates of mobility by ethnicity and hukou origin. With regard to absolute mobility, we find that minority men had significantly lower rates of total and upward mobility than Han men, and those from rural hukou origins faced more unfavourable chances. With regard to relative mobility, we find men of rural ethnic origins significantly less likely to inherit their parental positions. Even with parental and own educational qualifications and party memberships controlled for, we still find ethnic minority men of rural hukou origins behind others in access to professional-managerial positions. Overall, our findings suggest that the preferential policies have largely removed the ethnic differences in the urban sector but ethnic minority men from rural hukou origins are faced with double disadvantages: in addition to the inequality of opportunity rooted in the institutional divide which they share with the majority group from similar backgrounds, they face much greater inequalities in conditions, namely, in having poorer socio-economic and cultural resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Yaojun Li & Yizhang Zhao, 2017. "Double Disadvantages: A Study of Ethnic and Hukou Effects on Class Mobility in China (1996–2014)," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 5(1), pages 5-19.
    • Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v:5:y:2017:i:1:p:5-19
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Yaojun Li, 2020. "Social mobility in China: A case study of a quantitative sociological approach to social mobility research in the Global South," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2020-4, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    2. Li Yaojun, 2020. "Social mobility in China: A case study of a quantitative sociological approach to social mobility research in the Global South," WIDER Working Paper Series wp2020-4, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    3. Chinmayi Srikanth & Shubhasis Dey, 2022. "Multigenerational Persistence and The Great Gatsby Relation for India," Working papers 544, Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode.
    4. Gong, Chen & Sologon, Denisa Maria & Nimeh, Zina & O'Donoghue, Cathal, 2023. "Decomposition of the Changes in Household Disposable Income Distribution in China," IZA Discussion Papers 15914, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Anustup Kundu & Kunal Sen, 2023. "Multigenerational Mobility Among Males in India," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 69(2), pages 395-418, June.
    6. Kundu, Anustup & Sen, Kunal, 2021. "Multigenerational Mobility in India," IZA Discussion Papers 14566, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    7. Yaojun Li & Anthony Heath, 2017. "The Socio-Economic Integration of Ethnic Minorities," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 5(1), pages 1-4.

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