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H-O for H2O: Can the Heckscher-Ohlin Framework Explain the Role of Free Trade in Distributing Scarce Water Resources Around the Middle East?

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  • Sayan Serdar

    (Bilkent University)

Abstract

This paper aims to test econometrically the validity of Heckscher–Ohlin (H–O) theory within the context of export patterns of 11 relatively water abundant and relatively water-scarce countries located in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions. For this purpose, the paper calculates the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and net trade indices (NTI) for 13 sectors in each country and estimates the relationship between RCA values and water requirements of production in each sector. The results are then used to test whether parameter values estimated from this exercise can be linked to water endowments of the countries considered. By helping determine whether the countries in the sample act according to their comparative advantages, econometric results from this innovative application of H–O theory yield interesting policy conclusions.

Suggested Citation

  • Sayan Serdar, 2003. "H-O for H2O: Can the Heckscher-Ohlin Framework Explain the Role of Free Trade in Distributing Scarce Water Resources Around the Middle East?," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 1(3), pages 21-36, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:rmeecf:v:1:y:2003:i:3:n:2
    DOI: 10.2202/1475-3693.1013
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. White, Halbert, 1980. "A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 48(4), pages 817-838, May.
    2. Bowen, Harry P & Leamer, Edward E & Sveikauskas, Leo, 1987. "Multicountry, Multifactor Tests of the Factor Abundance Theory," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 77(5), pages 791-809, December.
    3. Balassa, Bela, 1979. "The Changing Pattern of Comparative Advantage in Manufactured Goods," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 61(2), pages 259-266, May.
    4. Hakimian Hassan, 2003. "Water Scarcity and Food Imports: An Emperical Investigation of the 'Virtual Water' Hypothesis in the MENA Region," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 1(1), pages 70-84, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. A. Hassan & M. Y. Saari & T. H. Tengku Ismail, 2017. "Virtual water trade in industrial products: evidence from Malaysia," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 877-894, June.
    2. Mohamad Afkhami & Thomas Bassetti & Hamed Ghoddusi & Filippo Pavesi, 2018. "Virtual Water Trade: The Implications of Capital Scarcity," Working Papers 03/2018, University of Verona, Department of Economics.
    3. Iheb FRIJA, 2008. "La compétitivité de l'industrie d'habillement tunisienne. Atouts et limites (The tunisian clothing industry competitiveness : assets and limits)," Working Papers 200, Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO / Research Unit on Industry and Innovation.
    4. Delbourg, Esther & Dinar, Shlomi, 2020. "The globalization of virtual water flows: Explaining trade patterns of a scarce resource," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).

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