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Unsatisfying ordinalism: The breach through which happiness (re)entered economics

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  • Gabriel Leite Mota

Abstract

The acceptance of happiness studies within economics was a surprising event. The materialistic and theoretical conception of utility in modern economics deemed any attempt to measure and analyze the subjective dimension of utility unscientific. Nevertheless, some economists were unsatisfied with such preconceptions. In this paper we argue that ordinalism, being an incomplete and inconsistent form of economic analysis of welfare, opened the floor for alternative definitions of welfare and utility. In particular, some economists prone to interdisciplinarity and specialized on topics where welfare issues were more relevant (such as labor or welfare economics), saw in the cardinality of subjective well‐being data an opportunity to remedy those problems. The data availability and scientific analysis of happiness from the 1990s onwards, gave credit to the utilization of subjective well‐being in economics and paved the way for happiness in economics, which is now a dynamic research topic with empirical findings that challenge standard welfare analysis and policy advice. We conclude this paper with some policy implications and with what happiness has yet to contribute to economics. La aceptación de los estudios sobre la felicidad como parte de la economía fue un hecho sorprendente. La concepción materialista y teórica de la utilidad en la economía moderna había venido considerando como no científico cualquier intento de medir y analizar la dimensión subjetiva de la utilidad. Sin embargo, algunos economistas no estaban satisfechos con estas ideas preconcebidas. En este artículo se argumenta que el ordinalismo, como forma incompleta e inconsistente de análisis económico del bienestar, despejó el terreno para las definiciones alternativas de bienestar y utilidad. En particular, algunos economistas proclives a la interdisciplinariedad y especializados en temas en los que las cuestiones de bienestar eran más relevantes (como la economía del trabajo o del bienestar), vieron en la cardinalidad de los datos subjetivos sobre el bienestar una oportunidad para remediar esos problemas. La disponibilidad de datos y el análisis científico de la felicidad a partir de la década de 1990, dieron crédito a la utilización del bienestar subjetivo en la economía y allanaron el camino para la felicidad en la economía, que ahora es un tema dinámico de investigación con hallazgos empíricos que desafían el análisis estándar del bienestar y el asesoramiento político. Se concluye este artículo con algunas implicaciones políticas y con lo que la felicidad aún tiene que aportar a la economía. 経済学に幸福度の研究が受け入れられたのは驚くべき出来事であった。近代経済学における効用の唯物論的及び理論的な概念は、主観的な次元で効用を測定し分析するすべての試みを非科学的であるものとした。それにもかかわらず、一部の経済学者はそうした偏見に納得していなかった。本稿では、序数主義が、厚生 (welfare)を経済的に分析する不完全で一貫性のない形式であるものの、厚生と効用の再定義のきっかけを作ったことを論じる。特に、学際性が高くなる傾向にあり、福祉問題が大きく関わるトピック (労働経済学や福祉経済学など)を専門とする一部の経済学者は、主観的幸福度のデータの濃度にそうした問題を解決する可能性があると考えている。1990年代以降、幸福度に関するデータが利用できるようになり科学的分析が実施されたことにより、主観的幸福度が信頼性をもって経済学に用いられるようになり、経済学における幸福度の研究の道が開け、現在では、標準的な厚生分析と政策的アドバイスに対して疑問を呈する、実証的知見を備えた活発な研究課題となっている。最後に、いくつかの政策的インプリケーションと、今後幸福度が経済学に貢献できることについて述べる。

Suggested Citation

  • Gabriel Leite Mota, 2022. "Unsatisfying ordinalism: The breach through which happiness (re)entered economics," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(3), pages 513-528, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:513-528
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12490
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