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Direct and indirect effects of universities on European regional productivity

Author

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  • Emanuela Marrocu
  • Raffaele Paci
  • Stefano Usai

Abstract

Universities are fundamental in driving economic performance as they generate human capital, research and knowledge diffusion. We propose a novel analysis by investigating their effects on European regions' total factor productivity (TFP) over the period 2000–2016. We distinguish between direct effects, due to universities societal role (“third mission”), and indirect ones originating from human and technological capital creation. Our contribution is threefold. First and foremost, we provide evidence that the presence of universities has a sizeable impact on regional TFP. Second, this impact spreads across regional boundaries. Third, universities effectively drive human and technological capital growth, thus indirectly fostering productivity enhancements. Las universidades son fundamentales para impulsar el desempeño económico, ya que generan capital humano, investigación y difusión de conocimientos. La investigación de sus efectos en la productividad total de los factores (PTF) de las regiones europeas durante el periodo 2000–2016 constituye un análisis novedoso. Se distingue entre los efectos directos, debidos al papel social de las universidades (“tercera misión”), y los indirectos, originados por la creación de capital humano y tecnológico. La contribución de este estudio es triple. En primer lugar, se aportan principalmente pruebas de que la presencia de universidades tiene un impacto considerable en la PTF regional. En segundo lugar, este impacto se extiende más allá de las fronteras regionales. En tercer lugar, las universidades impulsan eficazmente el crecimiento del capital humano y tecnológico, lo que fomenta indirectamente la mejora de la productividad. 大学は、人的資本、研究、知識の普及を生み出すものであり、すなわち経済活動の推進の基盤となるものである。本稿では、2000~2016年の期間に、大学が欧州地域の全要素生産性(TFP)に与えた影響を検討する、新たな分析を行う。ここでは、大学の社会的役割(「第3の使命」)による直接的な効果と、人的資本や技術的資本の創出に起因する間接的な効果とを区別する。本研究から以下の3つの知見が得られた。1)大学の存在が地域のTFPに大きな影響を与えていることを示すエビデンスが得られ、2)その影響は地域の境界を越えて広がっており、3)大学は人的資本と技術的資本の成長を効果的に促進し、間接的に生産性を向上させている。

Suggested Citation

  • Emanuela Marrocu & Raffaele Paci & Stefano Usai, 2022. "Direct and indirect effects of universities on European regional productivity," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 101(5), pages 1105-1133, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:101:y:2022:i:5:p:1105-1133
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12698
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