IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/inecol/v27y2023i3p964-976.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Lithium‐ion battery cell production in Europe: Scenarios for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions until 2030

Author

Listed:
  • Florian Degen

Abstract

The market for electric vehicles is growing rapidly, and there is a large demand for lithium‐ion batteries (LIB). Studies have predicted a growth of 600% in LIB demand by 2030. However, the production of LIBs is energy intensive, thus contradicting the goal set by Europe to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and become GHG emission free by 2040. Therefore, in this study, it was analyzed how the energy consumption and corresponding GHG emissions from LIB cell production may develop until 2030. Economic, technological, and political measures were considered and applied to market forecasts and to a model of a state‐of‐the art LIB cell factory. Notably, different scenarios with trend assumptions and above/below‐trend assumptions were considered. It could be deduced that, if no measures are taken and if the status quo is extrapolated to the future, by 2030, ∼5.86 Mt CO2‐eq will be emitted due to energy consumption from European LIB cell production. However, by applying a combination of economic, technological, and political measures, energy consumption and GHG emissions could be decreased by 46% and 56% by 2030, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that political measures, such as improving the electricity mix, are important but less dominant than improving the production technology and infrastructure. In this study, it could be deduced that, by 2030, through industrialization and application of novel production technologies, the energy consumption and GHG emissions from LIB cell production in Europe can be reduced by 24%.

Suggested Citation

  • Florian Degen, 2023. "Lithium‐ion battery cell production in Europe: Scenarios for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions until 2030," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 27(3), pages 964-976, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:inecol:v:27:y:2023:i:3:p:964-976
    DOI: 10.1111/jiec.13386
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13386
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/jiec.13386?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mauler, Lukas & Duffner, Fabian & Leker, Jens, 2021. "Economies of scale in battery cell manufacturing: The impact of material and process innovations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    2. Liu, Nan & Ma, Zujun & Kang, Jidong, 2017. "A regional analysis of carbon intensities of electricity generation in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 268-277.
    3. Arno Kwade & Wolfgang Haselrieder & Ruben Leithoff & Armin Modlinger & Franz Dietrich & Klaus Droeder, 2018. "Current status and challenges for automotive battery production technologies," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 3(4), pages 290-300, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Abdollahifar, M. & Molaiyan, P. & Lassi, U. & Wu, N.L. & Kwade, A., 2022. "Multifunctional behaviour of graphite in lithium–sulfur batteries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    2. Entwistle, Jake & Ge, Ruihuan & Pardikar, Kunal & Smith, Rachel & Cumming, Denis, 2022. "Carbon binder domain networks and electrical conductivity in lithium-ion battery electrodes: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    3. Kriegler, Johannes & Hille, Lucas & Stock, Sandro & Kraft, Ludwig & Hagemeister, Jan & Habedank, Jan Bernd & Jossen, Andreas & Zaeh, Michael F., 2021. "Enhanced performance and lifetime of lithium-ion batteries by laser structuring of graphite anodes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    4. Wang, Juan & Hu, Mingming & Rodrigues, João F.D., 2018. "The evolution and driving forces of industrial aggregate energy intensity in China: An extended decomposition analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 2195-2206.
    5. Wijayasekera, Sachindra Chamode & Hewage, Kasun & Hettiaratchi, Patrick & Razi, Faran & Sadiq, Rehan, 2023. "Planning and development of waste-to-hydrogen conversion facilities: A parametric analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    6. Feng, Huchen & Hu, Yu-Jie & Li, Chengjiang & Wang, Honglei, 2023. "Rolling horizon optimisation strategy and initial carbon allowance allocation model to reduce carbon emissions in the power industry: Case of China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    7. Yanfeng Li & Yongping Li & Guohe Huang & Rubing Zheng, 2022. "Inter-Provincial Electricity Trading and Its Effects on Carbon Emissions from the Power Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-20, May.
    8. Edyta Sidorczuk-Pietraszko, 2020. "Spatial Differences in Carbon Intensity in Polish Households," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-21, June.
    9. Huang, Chenchen & Lin, Boqiang, 2023. "Promoting decarbonization in the power sector: How important is digital transformation?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    10. Jacek Paś, 2023. "Issues Related to Power Supply Reliability in Integrated Electronic Security Systems Operated in Buildings and Vast Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-22, April.
    11. Duffner, Fabian & Mauler, Lukas & Wentker, Marc & Leker, Jens & Winter, Martin, 2021. "Large-scale automotive battery cell manufacturing: Analyzing strategic and operational effects on manufacturing costs," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    12. Kahsar, Rudy, 2021. "The soft path revisited: Policies that drive decentralization of electric power generation in the contiguous U.S," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    13. De Oliveira-De Jesus, Paulo M., 2019. "Effect of generation capacity factors on carbon emission intensity of electricity of Latin America & the Caribbean, a temporal IDA-LMDI analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 516-526.
    14. Chen, Bin & Yan, Jun & Zhu, Xun & Liu, Yue, 2023. "The potential role of renewable power penetration in energy intensity reduction: Evidence from the Chinese provincial electricity sector," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PB).
    15. Marius Chofor Asaba & Fabian Duffner & Florian Frieden & Jens Leker & Stephan von Delft, 2022. "Location choice for large‐scale battery manufacturing plants: Exploring the role of clean energy, costs, and knowledge on location decisions in Europe," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 26(4), pages 1514-1527, August.
    16. Mozaffar Abdollahifar & Palanivel Molaiyan & Milena Perovic & Arno Kwade, 2022. "Insights into Enhancing Electrochemical Performance of Li-Ion Battery Anodes via Polymer Coating," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-28, November.
    17. Grabmann, Sophie & Bernauer, Christian & Wach, Lovis & Leeb, Matthias & Zaeh, Michael F., 2023. "A method for the reproducible and accurate determination of electrical resistances based on multi-layer joints in lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    18. Duffner, F. & Wentker, M. & Greenwood, M. & Leker, J., 2020. "Battery cost modeling: A review and directions for future research," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    19. Gulam Smdani & Muhammad Remanul Islam & Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya & Sairul Izwan Bin Safie, 2023. "Performance Evaluation Of Advanced Energy Storage Systems: A Review," Energy & Environment, , vol. 34(4), pages 1094-1141, June.
    20. Paulo M. De Oliveira-De Jesus & John J. Galvis & Daniela Rojas-Lozano & Jose M. Yusta, 2020. "Multitemporal LMDI Index Decomposition Analysis to Explain the Changes of ACI by the Power Sector in Latin America and the Caribbean between 1990–2017," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-14, May.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:inecol:v:27:y:2023:i:3:p:964-976. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1088-1980 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.