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How Can West African Rice Compete in Urban Markets? A Demand Perspective for Policymakers

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  • Rose Fiamohe
  • Matty Demont
  • Kazuki Saito
  • Harold Roy‐Macauley
  • Eric Tollens

Abstract

In West Africa, rice produced locally falls short of meeting the demand and preferences of urban consumers. We analyzed the challenges facing local rice in urban markets and identified policies that can be implemented to improve the competitiveness of the regional rice sector. We argue that without addressing the demand side of the value chain, efforts on the supply side might fall short in reducing import dependency. Evidence suggests that while imported rice has easy access to urban markets, local rice faces more challenges in reaching urban consumers. The low market share of local rice in urban markets is in part due to consumers’ dislike of local rice as it is perceived as being of inferior quality relative to imported rice. Local rice also tends to fetch lower prices. The experimental studies reviewed suggest, however, that urban consumers are willing to pay price premiums for local rice if its quality is upgraded. We propose a two‐stage policy sequence: (i) encouraging investment in quality upgrading; (ii) gradually increasing the Common External Tariff (CET) from 10 to 35 per cent to increase cost‐competitiveness of West African rice relative to imported rice. To stabilise and finance the sector, we further advocate the establishment of a flat‐rate levy on the value of rice imports. En Afrique de l'Ouest, le riz produit localement ne répond pas à la demande et aux préférences des consommateurs urbains. Nous avons analysé les défis auxquels fait face le riz local sur les marchés urbains et identifié les politiques qui peuvent être mises en œuvre pour améliorer la compétitivité du secteur rizicole régional. Nous soutenons que, sans aborder les questions de demande dans la chaîne de valeur, les efforts du côté de l'offre pourraient ne pas aboutir à une réduction de la dépendance vis‐à‐vis des importations. Les données suggèrent que si le riz importé accède facilement aux marchés urbains, le riz local a plus de difficultés à atteindre les consommateurs urbains. La faible part de marché du riz local sur les marchés urbains est en partie due au fait qu'il déplait aux consommateurs car il est perçu comme étant de qualité inférieure à celle du riz importé. Le riz local tend également à être moins cher. Les études expérimentales examinées suggèrent cependant que les consommateurs urbains sont prêts à payer des prix supérieurs pour le riz local si sa qualité est améliorée. Nous proposons des politiques mises en œuvre en deux étapes : (i) encourager l'investissement dans l'amélioration de la qualité; (ii) augmenter progressivement le tarif extérieur commun (TEC) de 10 à 35 pour cent pour accroître la compétitivité‐coût du riz ouest‐africain par rapport au riz importé. Pour stabiliser et financer le secteur, nous préconisons en outre l’établissement d'un prélèvement forfaitaire sur la valeur des importations de riz. In Westafrika deckt der lokal produzierte Reis weder die Nachfrage noch die Vorlieben der städtischen Konsumenten. Wir untersuchen die Gründe hierfür und identifizieren mögliche Politiken, die zu einer Verbesserung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des heimischen Reissektors beitragen können. Unserer Einschätzung nach sind alle Anstrengungen auf der Angebotsseite zur Reduzierung von Importabhängigkeiten umsonst, sofern die Nachfrageseite der Wertschöpfungskette nicht berücksichtigt wird. Es gibt Anhaltspunkte dafür, dass importierter Reis im Vergleich zu lokal produziertem Reis einen einfachen Zugang zu städtischen Märkten hat. Der derart niedrige Marktanteil des lokal produzierten Reises auf städtischen Märkten ist zum Teil darauf zurückzuführen, dass die Konsumenten mit diesem eine schlechtere Qualität verbinden. Zudem sind die erzielten Preise für heimischen Reis geringer. Experimentelle Studien zeigen jedoch, dass städtische Konsumenten bereit wären, höhere Preise für lokal produzierten Reis zu zahlen, sofern dieser eine bessere Qualität hätte. Wir schlagen eine zweistufige Abfolge von politischen Maßnahmen vor: (1) Förderung von Investitionen in die Verbesserung der Qualität. (2) Eine schrittweise Erhöhung des gemeinsamen Außenzolltarifs von 10 auf 35%, um die Kostenwettbewerbsfähigkeit von westafrikanischem Reis gegenüber importiertem Reis zu verbessern. Des Weiteren plädieren wir zur Stabilisierung und Finanzierung des Sektors für die Erhebung einer pauschalen Abgabe auf den Wert von Reisimporten.

Suggested Citation

  • Rose Fiamohe & Matty Demont & Kazuki Saito & Harold Roy‐Macauley & Eric Tollens, 2018. "How Can West African Rice Compete in Urban Markets? A Demand Perspective for Policymakers," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 17(2), pages 51-57, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:17:y:2018:i:2:p:51-57
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12177
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    2. Demont, Matty & Fiamohe, Rose & Kinkpé, A. Thierry, 2017. "Comparative Advantage in Demand and the Development of Rice Value Chains in West Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 578-590.
    3. Coulibaly, Jeanne Y. & Tebila, Nakelse & Diagne, Aliou, 2015. "Reducing Rice Imports in Côte d'Ivoire: Is a Rise in Import Tariff the Solution?," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 44(3), pages 195-213, December.
    4. AfDB AfDB, . "Annual Report 2012," Annual Report, African Development Bank, number 461.
    5. Unknown, 2013. "Global Rice Science Partnership: Partnership in Motion," IRRI Books, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), number 164464.
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    2. Britwum, Kofi & Demont, Matty, 2023. "What is in a label? Examining the influence of cultural and colonial heritage on preferences and willingness to pay for local and international rice labels in Senegal," 2023 Annual Meeting, July 23-25, Washington D.C. 335501, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.

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