IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ags/ijaeri/333907.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Carbon Emission Equivalent Of Net Energy Use To Produce White Corn In Zamboanga City, Philippines

Author

Listed:
  • Elderico P. Tabal

Abstract

White corn is source of caloric energy, but to produce such energy also requires enormous energy in the form of direct energy input (DEI), indirect energy input (IEI) and embedded energy input (EEI) or call this the total energy input (TEI) calculated from the major farm activities such as pre-land operation (PLO), crop establishment (CE), crop care and maintenance (CCM), harvest and postharvest (HPH). The energy coefficients, calculations and its carbon emission equivalent were based from various literatures. All Mcal energy units were converted to liter diesel oil equivalent or LDOE, where 14.414 Mcal = 1.0 LDOE = 3.36 kg CO2e emission equivalent. A total of 20 white corn growers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The relationships of predictors such as the DEI, IEI and EEI ha-1 were tabulated and analyzed using a descriptive statistic. Means, percentages and sums were compared. The TEI to produce white corn grown in the upland-rainfed conditions of Barangay Vitali, Zamboanga City, Philippines was calculated at 2,398.6 Mcal ha-1 or this is equal to 210.1 LDOE ha-1 or a total of 0.83 tCO2e ha-1 emission equivalent, of this amount, the DEI, IEI and EEI contributed 8.4, 90.4 and 1.2% or this is 0.07, 0.75 and 0.01 tCO2e ha-1 emission equivalent, respectively. The high IEI was attributed largely to high inorganic fertilizer usage (32.2%), chemical pesticides (18.5%), animal and man labor (44.3%) or call these the ‘energy hotspots’. Despite the application of high dosage of inorganic fertilizers, yields are low (1.82 t ha-1 ).

Suggested Citation

  • Elderico P. Tabal, 2022. "Carbon Emission Equivalent Of Net Energy Use To Produce White Corn In Zamboanga City, Philippines," International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research, Malwa International Journals Publication, vol. 8(3), June.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:ijaeri:333907
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.333907
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/333907/files/ijaer_08__30.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.22004/ag.econ.333907?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kizilaslan, Halil, 2009. "Input-output energy analysis of cherries production in Tokat Province of Turkey," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(7-8), pages 1354-1358, July.
    2. Pishgar-Komleh, S.H. & Sefeedpari, P. & Rafiee, S., 2011. "Energy and economic analysis of rice production under different farm levels in Guilan province of Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 5824-5831.
    3. Erdal, Gülistan & Esengün, Kemal & Erdal, Hilmi & Gündüz, Orhan, 2007. "Energy use and economical analysis of sugar beet production in Tokat province of Turkey," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 35-41.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Torki-Harchegani, Mehdi & Ebrahimi, Rahim & Mahmoodi-Eshkaftaki, Mahmood, 2015. "Almond production in Iran: An analysis of energy use efficiency (2008–2011)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 217-224.
    2. Yuan, Shen & Peng, Shaobing & Wang, Dong & Man, Jianguo, 2018. "Evaluation of the energy budget and energy use efficiency in wheat production under various crop management practices in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 184-191.
    3. Hossein Kazemi Author- Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR), Iran, 2016. "Energy Balance in Modern Agroecosystems; Why and How?," Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 1(5), pages 101-104, June.
    4. Kazemi, Hossein & Kamkar, Behnam & Lakzaei, Somayeh & Badsar, Meysam & Shahbyki, Malihe, 2015. "Energy flow analysis for rice production in different geographical regions of Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 390-396.
    5. Elsoragaby, Suha & Yahya, Azmi & Mahadi, Muhammad Razif & Nawi, Nazmi Mat & Mairghany, Modather, 2019. "Energy utilization in major crop cultivation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 1285-1303.
    6. Tabatabaie, Seyed Mohammad Hossein & Rafiee, Shahin & Keyhani, Alireza, 2012. "Energy consumption flow and econometric models of two plum cultivars productions in Tehran province of Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 211-216.
    7. Mohammadi, Ali & Rafiee, Shahin & Mohtasebi, Seyed Saeid & Rafiee, Hamed, 2010. "Energy inputs – yield relationship and cost analysis of kiwifruit production in Iran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 1071-1075.
    8. Dong Tian & Min Zhang & Xuejian Wei & Jing Wang & Weisong Mu & Jianying Feng, 2018. "GIS-Based Energy Consumption and Spatial Variation of Protected Grape Cultivation in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-21, September.
    9. Ghatrehsamani, Shirin & Ebrahimi, Rahim & Kazi, Salim Newaz & Badarudin Badry, Ahmad & Sadeghinezhad, Emad, 2016. "Optimization model of peach production relevant to input energies – Yield function in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 315-321.
    10. Barut, Zeliha Bereket & Ertekin, Can & Karaagac, Hasan Ali, 2011. "Tillage effects on energy use for corn silage in Mediterranean Coastal of Turkey," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 5466-5475.
    11. Bhunia, Snehasish & Karmakar, Subrata & Bhattacharjee, Suvendu & Roy, Kingshuk & Kanthal, Sahely & Pramanick, Mahadev & Baishya, Aniket & Mandal, Biswapati, 2021. "Optimization of energy consumption using data envelopment analysis (DEA) in rice-wheat-green gram cropping system under conservation tillage practices," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    12. Pishgar-Komleh, Seyyed Hassan & Keyhani, Alireza & Mostofi-Sarkari, Mohammad Reza & Jafari, Ali, 2012. "Energy and economic analysis of different seed corn harvesting systems in Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 469-476.
    13. Özgöz, Engin & Altuntaş, Ebubekir & Asiltürk, Murat, 2017. "Effects of soil tillage on energy use in potato farming in Central Anatolia of Turkey," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1517-1523.
    14. Unakitan, G. & Hurma, H. & Yilmaz, F., 2010. "An analysis of energy use efficiency of canola production in Turkey," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 3623-3627.
    15. Sara Ilahi & Yongchang Wu & Muhammad Ahsan Ali Raza & Wenshan Wei & Muhammad Imran & Lyankhua Bayasgalankhuu, 2019. "Optimization Approach for Improving Energy Efficiency and Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emission of Wheat Crop using Data Envelopment Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-16, June.
    16. Khoshnevisan, Benyamin & Rafiee, Shahin & Omid, Mahmoud & Yousefi, Marziye & Movahedi, Mehran, 2013. "Modeling of energy consumption and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in wheat production in Esfahan province of Iran using artificial neural networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 333-338.
    17. Bojacá, Carlos Ricardo & Casilimas, Héctor Albeiro & Gil, Rodrigo & Schrevens, Eddie, 2012. "Extending the input–output energy balance methodology in agriculture through cluster analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 465-470.
    18. Hemmati, Abolfazl & Tabatabaeefar, Ahmad & Rajabipour, Ali, 2013. "Comparison of energy flow and economic performance between flat land and sloping land olive orchards," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 472-478.
    19. Taheri-Rad, Alireza & Khojastehpour, Mehdi & Rohani, Abbas & Khoramdel, Surur & Nikkhah, Amin, 2017. "Energy flow modeling and predicting the yield of Iranian paddy cultivars using artificial neural networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 405-412.
    20. Jamali, Mohsen & Soufizadeh, Saeid & Yeganeh, Bijan & Emam, Yahya, 2021. "A comparative study of irrigation techniques for energy flow and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in wheat agroecosystems under contrasting environments in south of Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Environmental Economics and Policy;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ags:ijaeri:333907. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: AgEcon Search (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://ijaer.in/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.