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Models, Metaphors and Symbols for Information and Knowledge Systems

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  • David Williams

Abstract

A literature search indicates that Data, Information and Knowledge continue to be placed into a hierarchical construct where it is considered that information is more valuable than data and that information can be processed into becoming precious knowledge. Wisdom continues to be added to the model to further confuse the issue. This model constrains our ability to think more logically about how and why we develop knowledge management systems to support and enhance knowledge- intensive processes, tasks or projects. This paper seeks to summarise development of the Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy, explore the extensive criticism of it and present a more logical (and accurate) construct for the elements of intellectual capital when developing and managing Knowledge Management Systems.

Suggested Citation

  • David Williams, 2014. "Models, Metaphors and Symbols for Information and Knowledge Systems," Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione", vol. 10(1), pages 79-107.
    • Handle: RePEc:aae:journl:v:10:y:2014:i:1:p:79-107
    DOI: 10.7341/20141013
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gary Klein, 1999. "Sources of Power: How People Make Decisions," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262611465, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yu-Hsi Yuan & Sang-Bing Tsai & Chien-Yun Dai & Hsiao-Ming Chen & Wan-Fei Chen & Chia-Huei Wu & Guodong Li & Jiangtao Wang, 2017. "An empirical research on relationships between subjective judgement, technology acceptance tendency and knowledge transfer," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(9), pages 1-22, September.
    2. Christoph Voegeli, 2019. "Understanding the Current State and Future Directions of Hotel Sector Knowledge Management: A Literature Review," Business and Economic Research, Macrothink Institute, vol. 9(2), pages 118-145, June.
    3. David Williams, 2015. "Nuts and Bolts of a Knowledge Management System," Journal of Information & Knowledge Management (JIKM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 14(04), pages 1-10, December.

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