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Jenseits des brain drain: Zur Mobilität westlicher Fach- und Führungskräfte nach Polen

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  • Hillmann, Felicitas
  • Rudolph, Hedwig

Abstract

Die Etiketten brain drain bzw. Mobilität von Hochqualifizierten markieren scheinbar ähnliche Prozesse: thematisiert wird die internationale Wanderung von Arbeitskräften im primären Segment des Arbeitsmarktes. Gemeinsam ist auch, daß die Debatten über diesen Migrationstypus jeweils im Kontext von Restrukturierungsbzw. Transformationsprozessen stehen. Im Falle des brain drain der 60er und 70er Jahre richtete sich das Augenmerk auf die Wanderung von Akademikern aus den Entwicklungsländern. Seit Mitte der 80er Jahre, d.h. parallel zu den weltweiten wirtschaftlichen Restrukturierungsprozessen, akzentuieren die Untersuchungen zur Mobilität von Hochqualifizierten deren institutionelle Einbettung, insbesondere in interne Arbeitsmärkte großer multinationaler Unternehmen. Die Transformationen der mittelosteuropäischen Länder in Richtung Marktwirtschaft wirft Fragen danach auf, welche Funktionen der Entsendung von Fach- und Führungskräften von West nach Ost übertragen werden und inwieweit die Entsendepolitiken die jeweiligen Unternehmensstrategien verdeutlichen. Am Beispiel Polens wird anhand von Fallstudien in der Nahrungsmittel- und Telekommunikationsbranche aufgezeigt, daß die westlichen Experten für den Transfer systembedingt fehlender hard und - vor allem - soft skills von zentraler Bedeutung sind. Ein Großteil dieser Mobilitäten wird über interne Arbeitsmärkte großer westlicher Unternehmen kanalisiert mit leichten Modifikationen der Regelungen. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich Tendenzen zur dreifachen Segmentation der Arbeitsmärkte für Hochqualifizierte: expatriates, hybrids, locals.

Suggested Citation

  • Hillmann, Felicitas & Rudolph, Hedwig, 1996. "Jenseits des brain drain: Zur Mobilität westlicher Fach- und Führungskräfte nach Polen," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Organization and Employment FS I 96-103, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzboem:fsi96103
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. J V Beaverstock, 1991. "Skilled International Migration: An Analysis of the Geography of International Secondments within Large Accountancy Firms," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 23(8), pages 1133-1146, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lippert, Inge, 2006. "Niedriglohnstrategien im Hochlohnsektor: Öffnung des Arbeitsmarktes und Beschäftigung von MOE-Arbeitskräften in der Metall- und Elektroindustrie," Arbeitspapiere 129, Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf.
    2. Britta Klagge & Katrin Klein-Hitpaß, 2009. "High-skilled Return Migration and Knowledge-based Development in Poland," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(10), pages 1631-1651, May.

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