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Kreditderivate

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  • Heidorn, Thomas

Abstract

In den letzten Jahren hat eine intensive Entwicklung von Kreditderivaten begonnen.Im Kern soll hiermit die Möglichkeit geschaffen werden, das Adressenrisiko einer Transaktion von ihrem Marktrisiko zu separieren und es damit einzeln handelbar, aber insbesondere auch hedgebar zu machen. Die ersten Ansätze zum Auslagern von Ausfallrisiken stammen von amerikanischen Investmentbanken, die aufgrund ihres begrenzten Eigenkapitals versuchten, die Ausfallrisiken auf Dritte zu übertragen. Der Gedanke wurde schnell aufgenommen, denn Kreditderivate bieten eine Anzahl zusätzlicher Möglichkeiten. Bei vielen Banken (z.B. bei Sparkassen aufgrund des Regionalprinzips) weist das Kreditportfolio eine schlechte Diversifikation in bezug auf Regional- und Branchenrisiken aus. Der direkte Handel mit Krediten erweist sich oft als zu umständlich, und den Möglichkeiten der Verbriefung (asset backed) sind auch enge Grenzen gesetzt. Ein tiefer Markt in Derivaten ermöglicht hier, Risiken aus dem Portfolio indirekt zu verkaufen, aber auch durch Beimischung schwach korrelierter Regionen und Branchen die Effizienz des Portfolios zu erhöhen. Manchen Häusern sind Kredite erster Bonität (AAA und AA) nur begrenzt zugänglich. Auch sie können mit Hilfe geeigneter Derivate die Portfoliostruktur verbessern. Auf der anderen Seite können jetzt andere Gruppen Risiken aus Kreditgeschäften übernehmen und so ihre Portfolios effizienter gestalten. Ein weiterer wesentlicher Punkt ist die Möglichkeit, Kreditrisiken nun mit Zwei-Wege-Preisen (Geld/Brief) zu handeln. Dies ermöglicht einen deutlich effizienteren Handel und mittelfrisitig eine transparentere Preisbildung. Im folgenden werden zunächst Kreditderivate vorgestellt, anschließend Anwendungsmöglichkeiten diskutiert und schließlich Ansätze zur Preisbildung besprochen.

Suggested Citation

  • Heidorn, Thomas, 1999. "Kreditderivate," Frankfurt School - Working Paper Series 13, Frankfurt School of Finance and Management.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:fsfmwp:13
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ecker, Thomas & Moormann, Jürgen, 1997. "Die Bank als Betreiberin einer elektronischen Shopping-Mall," Frankfurt School - Working Paper Series 4, Frankfurt School of Finance and Management.
    2. Cremers, Heinz & Schwarz, Willi, 1996. "Interpolation of discount factors," Frankfurt School - Working Paper Series 2, Frankfurt School of Finance and Management.
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