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Financement, investissement et performances des entreprises industrielles françaises

Author

Listed:
  • Bernard Paranque

    (Banque de France)

Abstract

Les interrogations nombreuses au sujet des PME en restent généralement à un constat d' insuffisance de fonds propre, confondant ainsi problème de financement et nature de celui-ci. En outre elles trouvent leur origine dans une comparaison abusive avec les grandes entreprises, ignorant des traits distinctifs déterminants liés à l' effort d' accumulation et à la nature des contraintes selon la taille des entreprises. La compréhension des différences selon la taille des entreprises nécessite de partir de la politique d' investissement et de revenir sur la formation de la rentabilité afin de savoir si les problèmes de financement et d' accès au crédit pour les PMI provient de performances insuffisantes par rapport aux entreprises de plus grandes taille. Ce travail a été effectué au travers de différentes publications. Il en résulte que l' efficacité ou les rentabilités des PMI sont supérieurs à celles des grandes entreprise même si l' hétérogénéité des situations est plus grande pour les premières. Il confirme aussi que si ces entreprises sont plus endettées, toutefois l'interprétation de ce résultat diverge de celles faites couramment. Compte tenu du mode d' insertion propre aux PMI dans le système productif, il apparaît une spécificité qui ne consiste nullement à les définir comme des " petites grandes entreprises ". La logique les organisant est d' un autre ordre que celle des grandes entreprises. On pourrait la qualifier de logique d' accumulation sous contrainte de débouchés, la contrainte de rentabilité ne jouant " que comme " force de rappel aux conditions du marché. Cette dernière est maîtrisée par une structure à moindre intensité capitalistique fondée sur une efficacité du capital plus importante. Les grandes entreprises obéiraient à une logique de capitalisation sous contrainte de rentabilité, en particulier financière, la contrainte de débouchés étant gérée au travers des alliances; des réorganisations des actifs, de position dominante etc.. I - S PHÈRE FINANCIÈRE ET SPHÈRE RÉELLE 3 II - DES LOGIQUES ÉCONOMIQUE ET FINANCIÈRE DIFFÉRENTES ENTRE PME ET GRANDES ENTREPRISES 6 III - LES MODES DE CROISSANCE DES ENTREPRISES INDUSTRIELLES 27 CONCLUSION 38 BIBLIOGRAPHIE 41 ANNEXES 50

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard Paranque, 1995. "Financement, investissement et performances des entreprises industrielles françaises," Finance 9508001, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 29 Oct 2000.
    • Handle: RePEc:wpa:wuwpfi:9508001
    Note: 54 pages in french, pdf
    as

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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Calomiris, Charles W & Hubbard, R Glenn, 1990. "Firm Heterogeneity, Internal Finance, and 'Credit Rationing.'," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 100(399), pages 90-104, March.
    2. Gilbert Cette & Daniel Szpiro, 1989. "Les entreprises françaises sont-elles bien dimensionnées ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 217(1), pages 83-94.
    3. Marc-Antoine Kleinpeter, 1991. "L'illusion patrimoniale après l'illusion monétaire," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(3), pages 91-111.
    4. Jacky Fayolle, 1993. "Cycles et trends d'épargne et d'investissement dans une économie moyenne et ouverte : le cas de la France," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 45(1), pages 443-517.
    5. Daniel Szpiro, 1991. "Endettement, rentabilité, débouchés et investissement : une analyse sur données individuelles d'enquêtes et de comptes d'entreprises," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 99(3), pages 145-162.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    JEL classification:

    • D2 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations
    • G - Financial Economics
    • L - Industrial Organization
    • M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics

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