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A cost-benefit assessment of covid-19 strategies. The case of Norway

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Abstract

This study evaluates the costs and benefits of alternative COVID-19 strategies for Norway, drawing on ex-post evidence from countries that pursued markedly different approaches. We argue that an elimination strategy—combining strict infection control with stringent border measures until a vaccine becomes available—delivers the greatest net benefits when a successful vaccine is expected within a short timeframe. Under vaccine uncertainty, both elimination and mitigation, the latter allowing gradual community spread, remain viable options. Norway adopted a suppression approach based on extensive TTIQ measures. Our findings suggest that this strategy was inferior compared to both elimination and mitigation. Finally, we compare ex-post assessments of costs and benefits with those emphasized in ex-ante evaluations, highlighting key discrepancies.

Suggested Citation

  • Geir H. M. Bjertnæs & Erling Holmøy & Roger Hammersland, 2026. "A cost-benefit assessment of covid-19 strategies. The case of Norway," Discussion Papers 1032, Statistics Norway, Research Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:ssb:dispap:1032
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    JEL classification:

    • H51 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Health
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

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