미중 전략경쟁 시대 지정학적 리스크와 경제안보(Geopolitical Risk in the Era of U.S.-China Strategic Competition and Economic Security)

본 연구는 최근의 경제안보 이슈를 ‘복합지정학(Complex Geopolitics)’의 시각에서 이해해야 할 필요성을 제기하며, 경제안보 개념이 경제적 통치술(economic statecraft)과 경제회복력(economy resilience), 그리고 상호신뢰(mutual trust) 구축이라는 요소를 내포하고 있다고 보았다. 그리고 이러한 개념 정리를 바탕으로 반도체, 배터리 등 주요 산업별 공급망과 주요국의 경제안보 전략에 대해 분석한 후, 우리의 경제안보 전략에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다. The concept of economic security largely includes the elements of economic statecraft, economic resilience, and building mutual trust. Economic statecraft refers to the act of using economic means in fields such as trade, investment, and finance as a source of power in order to achieve one’s national interest or to change the behavior of another country. Economic resilience, then, refers to measures used to preserve the national interest in the economic field from external threats, and signifies the ability to recover immediately even when physically threatened. This can be explained as the ability to respond to areas of sensitivity and vulnerability, which can be secured by reducing sensitivity by lowering dependence on the other party and reducing vulnerability by preparing alternatives for emergencies. Lastly, building mutual trust explains the psychological aspect of economic security, and in the end, it means that a stable economic security environment cannot be created without trust- building between countries. Recently, the intensification of U.S.-China strategic competition, spread of COVID-19 infections, and the Russia-Ukraine war are disrupting the global supply chain and increasing instability in the global economy. The resulting instability in the supply of semiconductors, medicines, food, and energy is leading to an economic downturn, and the U.S., China, Japan, and EU are actively pursuing strategies to strengthen economic security.(the rest omitted)