Author
Listed:
- Brice Arsène MANKOU
(labrii, ULCO)
- Sophie BOUTILLIER
(labrii, ULCO)
Abstract
Les dynamiques migratoires féminines s’inscrivent dans un contexte marqué par ce que certains ont appelé, les migrations mondialisées (Le Bras, Lang, 2006) Si dans le passé, les femmes migraient en tant qu’épouses, aujourd’hui, les migrations féminines africaines s’inscrivent dans des logiques individuelles et d’entraide familiale. Les femmes migrantes représentant une sorte de sécurité sociale, financière et matérielle pour leurs familles. De plus en plus de femmes migrent en voulant devenir actrices de leur propre destin. Le cas des Camerounaises est une parfaite illustration avec la « cybermigration maritale » que nous allons définir plus loin comme une forme de migration socio-économique légale qui concerne en Afrique Centrale, les femmes confrontées aujourd’hui à la pauvreté et la misère. Dès lors, on peut dire que les stratégies migratoires mises en oeuvre par ces Camerounaises ont pour objectif de fuir la misère dans ce pays d’Afrique centrale où près de la moitié des femmes vit dans une extrême pauvreté. Notre analyse de l’impact socio-économique de la cybermigration maritale se focalise sur l’étude des migrations féminines en général et camerounaises en particulier. Ainsi, cette étude s’atèle à répondre aux questions suivantes : Pourquoi la femme camerounaise migre-t-elle ? Quelles sont les stratégies migratoires que ces femmes mettent en oeuvre ? Quel rôle joue Internet dans cette dynamique migratoire nouvelle ? Cette cybermigration maritale sert-elle l’intérêt collectif ou celui des familles restées au Cameroun ? The feminine migratory dynamics join a context marked by what some people called, the globalized migrations (Le Bras, Lang, 2006). If in the past, women migrated as spouses, today, the African feminine migrations join individual logics. More and more migrating women seek making out their own fate. The migrant women are a kind of social, financial and material security to their families. The case of the Cameroonians is a perfect illustration of “marital cybermigration” which we are going to define as a shape of "socioeconomic migration" that interests women struggling with poverty and misery in Central Africa. From then on, we can say that the migratory strategies implemented by these Cameroonian women are intended to flee from poverty in this central African country where near half of the women lives in an extreme poverty. The purpose of our analysis is to study the socioeconomic impact of the feminine “marital cybermigration” in general, all by targeting in particular the Cameroonian case. So, this study aims at answering the following questions: Why does the Cameroonian woman migrate? What are the migratory strategies which these women implement? What role does TRICK play in this new migratory dynamic? Do these migrations serve the collective interest or that of families left in Cameroon?
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JEL classification:
- J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
- J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
- O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
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