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Tax Structures and Fiscal Multipliers in HANK Models

Author

Listed:
  • Othman Bouabdallah
  • Pascal Jacquinot
  • Ante Šterc

Abstract

We develop a Heterogeneous Agents New Keynesian model with a detailed outline (block) of financial intermediation and plausible marginal propensities to consume (MPC). Accounting for heterogeneous MPCs allows plausible predictions of the effectiveness of fiscal policy in the short and long term. Using our model, calibrated to the U.S. economy, we show that government spending has the largest short- and long-term effect on output when financed by debt, with gradual repayment through lump-sum transfers/taxes. We find a novel, non-linear, and non-monotonic relationship between the effectiveness of the fiscal stimulus, income tax progressivity, and the debt-to-GDP ratio, absent in representative or two-agent models. Lastly, the model suggests limited effectiveness of the fiscal stimulus and higher inflationary pressure for highly indebted economies.

Suggested Citation

  • Othman Bouabdallah & Pascal Jacquinot & Ante Šterc, 2025. "Tax Structures and Fiscal Multipliers in HANK Models," Working Papers w202508, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:ptu:wpaper:w202508
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    File URL: https://www.bportugal.pt/sites/default/files/documents/2025-04/WP202508.pdf
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • H31 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Household
    • H63 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt

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