Воспроизводство, Циклы И Критика Снс: Переосмысление Проблемы Воспроизводства[Reproduction, Cycles, and the Critique of the SNA: Rethinking the Problem of Reproduction]

The monograph is devoted to a theoretical rethinking of the processes of simple, expanded, and contracted reproduction in a market economy and to a critique of the methodological foundations of the System of National Accounts (SNA). It shows that the inclusion of depreciation in gross product, as established in the SNA, is a methodological error that distorts macroeconomic indicators. As an alternative, the study substantiates the necessity of calculating gross product on the basis of net capital formation. On the basis of Smith’s Dogma and a reconstruction of K. Marx’s schemes, the conditions of equivalent exchange are formulated with clarifications: rent is treated as an independent form of income, profit is divided into consumed and saved parts, and depreciation is interpreted as redistribution rather than newly created value. Special attention is given to the problem of unfinished capital goods production. The key result of the research is the application of the Symmetric Model, which extends the principle of interaction between the two departments in Marx’s schemes to the entire set of branches, including households. The model is built on the methodological foundations of second-order dialectics, second-order cybernetics, and social constructivism. It helps explain the nature of cycles and crises as immanent forms of the reproduction process under the conditions of spontaneous self-regulation of a competitive economy. A separate chapter is devoted to reproduction under monopolization and financialization. It shows that the concentration of profit and the redistribution of resources in favor of the financial sector undermine the circular organization of the economy, distort the equivalence of exchange, and reinforce structural imbalances. Monopolization, inequality, and financialization are considered as factors that drive the market economy into systemic crisis. The concluding part of the monograph discusses the possibilities of mathematical formalization of reproduction processes. The Symmetric Model provides a foundation for constructing dynamic systems that describe interactions between sectors and factors of production. This enables stability analysis, the identification of endogenous sources of cycles, and the design of regulatory methods based on simulation modeling. The Appendices include AI Commentaries, which demonstrate new possibilities for analyzing and interpreting complex economic problems with the assistance of AI. This format combines rigorous theoretical argumentation with elements of additional verification and methodological validation provided by AI. The work is intended for researchers and practitioners in economic theory, macroeconomics, and institutional analysis, as well as all those interested in reproduction, crises, and the reform of the SNA.