The impact of agriculture in Visegrad countries on CO2 emissions using the FMOLS and DOLS methods in an empirical panel data study

The primary aspiration of this paper is to learn about the effects of agricultural energyconsumption, agriculture value added, agricultural land and fertiliser consumption on environmentalpollution in Visegrad countries. The research employs panel data from long-run models FMOLSand DOLS, covering the period from 1995 to 2020. The study suggests that there is a positive andstatistically significant correlation between CO2 emissions from agriculture in Central and EasternEuropean countries, and factors such as higher energy consumption, increased value from agriculturalproduction, greater fertiliser consumption, and larger arable land areas. The FMOLS and DOLSmodels’ long-term coefficients suggest that energy consumption in agriculture and crop area are themain factors contributing to the increase in CO2 emissions from agriculture in the studied countries.The study recommends a sustainable energy transformation of agriculture by limiting the use of fossilfuels in agricultural production and reducing share of arable land.