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No Early Advantage? The Effects of Preschool Entry-Age Policies on Child Development in Peru

Author

Listed:
  • José María Rentería

    (Departamento de Economía de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú)

  • Chris M. Boyd

    (Departamento de Economía, Towson University)

Abstract

Las políticas de ingreso escolar establecen una edad mínima para iniciar la educación formal, lo que determina si un niño(a) comparte el aula con compañero(a)s relativamente mayores o menores, con posibles efectos sobre su desarrollo. La evidencia disponible, centrada sobre todo en países de altos ingresos, muestra que los estudiantes más jóvenes suelen enfrentar desventajas en distintas dimensiones. Sin embargo, se conoce poco acerca de estos efectos en educación inicial y en países de ingresos bajos y medios. Este estudio aprovecha la discontinuidad generada por las edades mínimas de matrícula establecidas por el Ministerio de Educación para estimar el impacto del ingreso tardío en la nutrición y el desarrollo infantil temprano. Utilizando datos de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES) y un diseño de regresión discontinua difusa, encontramos que las reglas de edad mínima aumentan significativamente la probabilidad de ingreso tardío, pero en promedio no afectan la salud ni el desarrollo infantil. No obstante, los resultados agregados ocultan efectos heterogéneos según sexo y condición de pobreza. Palabras claves: Edad de ingreso escolar, educación incial, desarrollo infantil temprano, salud infantil. JEL Classification-JE: I14, I21, J13

Suggested Citation

  • José María Rentería & Chris M. Boyd, 2025. "No Early Advantage? The Effects of Preschool Entry-Age Policies on Child Development in Peru," Documentos de Trabajo / Working Papers 2025-547, Departamento de Economía - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
    • Handle: RePEc:pcp:pucwps:wp00547
    DOI: 10.18800/2079-8474.0547
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    JEL classification:

    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality
    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

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