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Inequality in homeschooling during the Corona crisis in the Netherlands. First results from the LISS Panel

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  • Bol, Thijs

Abstract

The outbreak of the Corona virus has led to unprecedented measures in education. From March 16, all schools in the Netherlands are closed, and children must keep up with their schoolwork from home. Parents are expected to take a crucial role in this “homeschooling”: they are primarily responsible for ensuring that their children follow the curriculum. In this article I report the first results of a module in the LISS Panel that was designed to map how parents school their children in primary and secondary education. Data on a nationally representative sample of 1,318 children in primary and secondary education were gathered in April. The results show marked differences between social groups. Whereas all parents find it important that their children keep up with the schoolwork, children from advantaged backgrounds receive much more parental support and have more resources (e.g., own computer) to study from home. Differences in parental support are driven by the ability to help: parents with a higher education degree feels themselves much capable to help their children with schoolwork than lower educated parents. Parents also report that schools provide more extensive distant schooling for children in the academic track in secondary education (vwo) than for children in the pre-vocational track (vmbo). Finally, there is a clear gender gap: parents feel much more capable to support their daughters than their sons. These initial findings provide clear indications that the school shutdown in the Netherlands is likely to have strong effects on the inequality in educational opportunities.

Suggested Citation

  • Bol, Thijs, 2020. "Inequality in homeschooling during the Corona crisis in the Netherlands. First results from the LISS Panel," SocArXiv hf32q, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:hf32q
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/hf32q
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    1. Luis Miguel Lázaro Lorente & Ana Ancheta Arrabal & Cristina Pulido-Montes, 2020. "The Right to Education and ICT during COVID-19: An International Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Bianca Blum & Bernhard K. J. Neumärker, 2021. "Lessons from Globalization and the COVID-19 Pandemic for Economic, Environmental and Social Policy," World, MDPI, vol. 2(2), pages 1-26, June.
    3. Jo Blanden & Matthias Doepke & Jan Stuhler, 2022. "Education inequality," CEP Discussion Papers dp1849, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    4. Haelermans, Carla & Jacobs, Madelon & van Vugt, Lynn & Aarts, Bas & Abbink, Henry & Smeets, Chayenne & van der Velden, Rolf & van Wetten, Sanne, 2021. "A full year COVID-19 crisis with interrupted learning and two school closures: The effects on learning growth and inequality in primary education," ROA Research Memorandum 009, Maastricht University, Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA).
    5. Marieke Heers & Oliver Lipps, 2022. "Overwhelmed by Learning in Lockdown: Effects of Covid-19-enforced Homeschooling on Parents’ Wellbeing," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 164(1), pages 323-343, November.
    6. Engzell, Per & Frey, Arun & Verhagen, Mark D., 2020. "Learning Inequality During the Covid-19 Pandemic," SocArXiv ve4z7, Center for Open Science.
    7. Shaikha Al Hadhrami & Najlaa Al Saadi, 2020. "The Advantages and Challenges of e-Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic in Omani Schools from Parents’ Perspectives of Cycle Two Schools (5-9)," International Journal of Educational Technology and Learning, Scientific Publishing Institute, vol. 10(1), pages 26-39.
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    9. Sébastien Goudeau & Camille Sanrey & Arnaud Stanczak & Antony Manstead & Céline Darnon, 2021. "Why lockdown and distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to increase the social class achievement gap," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 5(10), pages 1273-1281, October.
    10. Mohan, Gretta & McCoy, Selina & Carroll, Eamonn & Mihut, Georgiana & Lyons, Seán & Mac Domhnaill, Ciarán, 2020. "Learning for all? Second-Level education in Ireland during COVID-19," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number SUSTAT92, June.
    11. Svaleryd, Helena & Vlachos, Jonas, 2022. "COVID-19 and School Closures," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1008, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    12. Yekaterina Chzhen & Jennifer Symonds & Dympna Devine & Júlia Mikolai & Susan Harkness & Seaneen Sloan & Gabriela Martinez Sainz, 2022. "Learning in a Pandemic: Primary School children’s Emotional Engagement with Remote Schooling during the spring 2020 Covid-19 Lockdown in Ireland," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 15(4), pages 1517-1538, August.
    13. OIKAWA Masato & TANAKA Ryuichi & BESSHO Shun-ichiro & KAWAMURA Akira & NOGUCHI Haruko, 2022. "Do Class Closures Affect Students' Achievements? Heterogeneous effects of students' socioeconomic backgrounds," Discussion papers 22042, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    14. Tiziana Guzzo & Stefano Boffo & Fernando Ferri & Francesco Gagliardi & Patrizia Grifoni, 2022. "Towards Quality Digital Learning: Lessons Learned during COVID-19 and Recommended Actions—The Teachers’ Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-17, July.
    15. Stéfanie André & Roos van der Zwan, 2023. "The influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on changes in perceived work pressure for Dutch mothers and fathers," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(3), pages 1015-1034, May.
    16. Haelermans, Carla & Korthals, Roxanne & Jacobs, Madelon & de Leeuw, Suzanne & Vermeulen, Stan & van Vugt, Lynn & Aarts, Bas & Breuer, Tijana & van der Velden, Rolf & van Wetten, Sanne & de Wolf, Inge, 2021. "Sharp increase in inequality in education in times of the COVID-19-pandemic," ROA Research Memorandum 010, Maastricht University, Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA).
    17. Fernando Ferri & Patrizia Grifoni & Tiziana Guzzo, 2020. "Online Learning and Emergency Remote Teaching: Opportunities and Challenges in Emergency Situations," Societies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, November.
    18. Emanuela Mari & Giulia Lausi & Angelo Fraschetti & Alessandra Pizzo & Michela Baldi & Alessandro Quaglieri & Jessica Burrai & Benedetta Barchielli & Francesco Avallone & Anna Maria Giannini, 2021. "Teaching during the Pandemic: A Comparison in Psychological Wellbeing among Smart Working Professions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-13, April.
    19. Joga Florentina Ecaterina & Chinie Catalina, 2023. "A nexus analysis of the online teaching context in Romanian schools," Management & Marketing, Sciendo, vol. 18(1), pages 78-90, March.
    20. Simona Šinko & Joan Navarro & Xavier Solé-Beteta & Agustín Zaballos & Brigita Gajšek, 2024. "Challenges That Need to Be Addressed before Starting New Emergency Remote Teaching at HEIs and Proposed Solutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-23, January.
    21. Breidenbach, Philipp & Hörnig, Lukas & Schaffner, Sandra, 2023. "The divergence of school track choices after Covid-19," Ruhr Economic Papers 1032, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    22. Kuzmanic, Danilo & Valenzuela, Juan Pablo & Claro, Susana & Canales, Andrea & Cerda, Daniela & Undurraga, Eduardo A., 2023. "Socioeconomic disparities in the reopening of schools during the pandemic in Chile," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    23. Rita Takács & Szabolcs Takács & Judit T. Kárász & Attila Oláh & Zoltán Horváth, 2023. "The impact of the first wave of COVID-19 on students’ attainment, analysed by IRT modelling method," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-10, December.
    24. Bayrakdar, Sait & Guveli, Ayse, 2020. "Inequalities in home learning and schools’ provision of distance teaching during school closure of COVID-19 lockdown in the UK," ISER Working Paper Series 2020-09, Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    25. Tiitinen, Laura & Harrikari, Timo & Koivula, Sanna & Romakkaniemi, Marjo & Fiorentino, Vera, 2023. "Home school at the edge of chaos during the lockdown: Social workers’ perspectives," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).

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