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Reinvigorating the EU Single Market

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  • Jean-Marc Fournier

    (OECD)

Abstract

The EU Single Market remains fragmented by complex and heterogeneous rules at the EU and national levels affecting trade, capital, including foreign direct investment, and labour mobility. Further development of the Single Market and removing barriers to external trade would bring substantial growth and employment gains by enhancing resource allocation in Europe, by generating economies of scale and by strengthening competition and hence incentives to innovate. Reforming regulation and other implicit barriers can also yield a double dividend: it would stimulate cross-border activities and support the necessary reallocation process within countries. Such reallocation can cause hardships, especially for the less-skilled workers who may not be able to compete. To deal with such problems, it is important to enhance active labour market policies and training. The Single Market would also benefit from better networks between countries that can be supported by a well-targeted infrastructure policy. New digital networks can be promoted by an appropriate regulatory framework to strengthen confidence and to promote fair competition. Regarding external trade, the first-best solution is clearly multilateral trade negotiations, but short of that external trade and investment barriers can be reduced with Free Trade Agreement negotiations with the United States and other partners. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of the European Union (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-european-union.htm). Redynamiser le marché unique de l'UE Le marché unique de l’UE reste fragmenté en raison de règles complexes et hétérogènes, tant au niveau communautaire qu’au niveau national, touchant le commerce, le capital, y compris les investissements directs étrangers et la mobilité de la main-d’oeuvre. Une plus grande intégration du marché unique et la suppression des obstacles au commerce extérieur se traduiraient par d’importants gains de croissance et d’emploi en améliorant l’allocation des ressources en Europe, en favorisant des économies d’échelle et en renforçant la concurrence et, partant, les incitations à innover. La réforme de la réglementation et des autres obstacles implicites peut aussi générer un double dividende : elle stimulerait les activités transfrontalières et soutiendrait le nécessaire processus de redéploiement au sein des pays. Ce redéploiement peut entraîner des difficultés, en particulier pour les travailleurs moins qualifiés qui ne sont sans doute pas à même de soutenir la concurrence. Il importe donc, dans ce contexte, d’améliorer les politiques actives du marché du travail et la formation. Le marché unique bénéficierait aussi d’un renforcement des réseaux entre les pays, qu’une politique d’infrastructures bien ciblée pourrait faciliter. Les nouveaux réseaux numériques peuvent être encouragés par une approche réglementaire appropriée visant à rehausser la confiance et à favoriser une concurrence équitable. S’agissant du commerce extérieur, la solution la plus favorable est à l’évidence la négociation commerciale multilatérale, mais, à défaut, les obstacles au commerce extérieur et à l’investissement peuvent être réduits grâce à la négociation d’accords de libre-échange avec les États-Unis et les autres partenaires. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de l'Union européenne 2014 (www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/union-europeenne.htm).

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Marc Fournier, 2014. "Reinvigorating the EU Single Market," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1159, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1159-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxx3d3hk437-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Jean-Marc Fournier, 2015. "The negative effect of regulatory divergence on foreign direct investment," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1268, OECD Publishing.
    2. Matteo Fiorini & Bernard Hoekman, 2017. "Economic Governance, Regulation and Services Trade Liberalization," RSCAS Working Papers 2017/27, European University Institute.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    barrières réglementaires; economic integration; EU single market; hétérogénéité des régulations; interconnections de réseaux; intégration économique; labour mobility; marché unique de l’UE; mobilité du travail; network interconnections; regulatory barriers; regulatory heterogeneity;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • H73 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
    • L14 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation
    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation

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