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Critical Minerals, Geopolitics, and the Green Transition

Author

Listed:
  • Tomás Domínguez-Iino
  • Jonathan T. Elliott
  • Allan Hsiao

Abstract

The green energy transition will be powered by the mining and processing of lithium, nickel, and cobalt, which are critical for the production of advanced batteries. These minerals are concentrated geographically but traded globally, allowing key mining countries to exercise market power through policy intervention. Advanced batteries use multiple minerals in combination, and this joint use creates interdependence across mineral markets. We study the geopolitical implications of these forces and their consequences for green technology adoption worldwide. We quantify supply chain vulnerability, international policy spillovers, and the potential for mineral cartels.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomás Domínguez-Iino & Jonathan T. Elliott & Allan Hsiao, 2026. "Critical Minerals, Geopolitics, and the Green Transition," NBER Working Papers 35654, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35654
    Note: EEE IO ITI
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
    • L72 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction - - - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
    • Q37 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - - - Issues in International Trade
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth

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