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Racial Inequality in France

Author

Listed:
  • Yajna Govind
  • Paolo Santini
  • Ellora Derenoncourt

Abstract

We study racial inequality in 21st century France. Using parents’ nationality at birth, we overcome the lack of ethno-racial statistics stemming from the country’s “color-blind” approach. We document substantial earnings penalties for racial minorities along the income distribution. Penalties are larger at the median than the top and for Middle-Eastern and North African (MENA) and Sub-Saharan African origin (Black) individuals. We compare racial inequality in France vs. the U.S. by simulating where French minorities would fall in the U.S. distribution. Black and Non-White individuals in France benefit from the country’s lower overall inequality, but experience comparable, occasionally larger, rank gaps.

Suggested Citation

  • Yajna Govind & Paolo Santini & Ellora Derenoncourt, 2025. "Racial Inequality in France," NBER Working Papers 34013, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34013
    Note: LS PE
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing

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