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The Structural Transformation of Innovation

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  • Diego A. Comin
  • Danial Lashkari
  • Martí Mestieri

Abstract

We document the structural transformation of innovation using historical patent data since the 1850s, along with R&D expenditure and TFP growth for the post-war period. Over time, innovation has shifted from agricultural sectors to manufacturing, and, more recently, to services. We develop and quantify a multi-sector semi-endogenous growth model of structural change in innovation and production, incorporating the classical demand-pull and technology-push drivers of innovation. Sectors differ in their innovation technologies, and the extent to which they benefit from knowledge spillovers (technology-push). Nonhomothetic demand shifts the market shares toward income-elastic sectors along the growth process (demand-pull). A calibrated version of our model replicates the structural transformations of innovation and production observed in the US data. Using the model, we evaluate the future impact of Baumol’s disease on aggregate productivity and find it to be minimal. Our results suggest that aggregate productivity growth may recover in the coming decades as the service sector becomes increasingly innovation-driven.

Suggested Citation

  • Diego A. Comin & Danial Lashkari & Martí Mestieri, 2025. "The Structural Transformation of Innovation," NBER Working Papers 33855, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33855
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    JEL classification:

    • E02 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • O4 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
    • O5 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies

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