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Supporting Women’s Livelihoods at Scale: Evidence from a Nationwide Multi-Faceted Program

Author

Listed:
  • Ioana Botea
  • Andrew Brudevold-Newman
  • Markus Goldstein
  • Corinne Low
  • Gareth Roberts

Abstract

Multifaceted programs have proven effective for poverty alleviation, but the “minimum viable product” to achieve impacts is not well studied. Partnering with the Zambian government, we streamline and unbundle such a program—one arm received financial capital, one human capital, one both, and a fourth both plus “consumption stabilizing” transfers. We find large, sustained effects from the streamlined package comparable to best practice graduation programs. Financial capital is similarly effective initially but less persistent; human capital has almost no impact; and stabilizing transfers do not contribute positively. These results suggest a promising middle ground between unconditional cash and complex multifaceted models.

Suggested Citation

  • Ioana Botea & Andrew Brudevold-Newman & Markus Goldstein & Corinne Low & Gareth Roberts, 2023. "Supporting Women’s Livelihoods at Scale: Evidence from a Nationwide Multi-Faceted Program," NBER Working Papers 31625, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31625
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    Cited by:

    1. Tefera, Girum Abebe & Cassidy, Rachel & Weis, Toni Johannes, 2025. "Access to Capital and Women's Entrepreneurship," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11232, The World Bank.
    2. Premand, Patrick & Schnitzer, Pascale, 2025. "Impacts and Spillovers of a Low-Cost Multifaceted Economic Inclusion Program in Chad," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11084, The World Bank.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • H53 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
    • I15 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Economic Development
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

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