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Bound by Ancestors: Immigration, Credit Frictions, and Global Supply Chain Formation

Author

Listed:
  • Jaerim Choi
  • Jay Hyun
  • Ziho Park

Abstract

This paper shows that the ancestry composition shaped by century-long immigration to the US can explain the current structure of global supply chain networks. Using an instrumental variable strategy, combined with a novel dataset that links firm-to-firm global supply chain information with a US establishment database and historical migration data, we find that the co-ethnic networks formed by immigration have a positive causal impact on global supply chain relationships between foreign countries and US counties. Such a positive impact not only exists in conventional supplier-customer relationships but also extends to strategic partnerships and trade in services. Examining the causal mechanisms, we find that the positive impact is stronger for counties in which more credit-constrained firms are located and that such a stronger effect becomes even more pronounced for foreign firms located in countries with weak contract enforcement. Collectively, the results suggest that co-ethnic networks serve as social collateral to overcome credit constraints and facilitate global supply chain formation.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaerim Choi & Jay Hyun & Ziho Park, 2023. "Bound by Ancestors: Immigration, Credit Frictions, and Global Supply Chain Formation," NBER Working Papers 31157, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31157
    Note: CF DEV IFM ITI
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    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
    • F60 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - General
    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
    • L14 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation

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