Variety of Cyber Democracy from the Asian View of Human Being

This paper highlights the current threats to civil liberties such as freedom of expression, association, peaceful assembly, and privacy, which include private corporations, government censorship, cyberattacks, fake news, and privacy breaches. The paper examines the crisis of social and political openness in the online space that citizens and internet companies should enjoy, and the need for multi-stakeholders to realize this. Actor-network theory, based on Bruno Latour’s ANT, discusses the nature of democracy in online space in societies with Confucian cultural principles that differ from Western cultural principles. Multi-stakeholderism is a framework that involves organizations and individuals from different positions in society, such as businesses, consumers, investors, workers, and NPOs, who participate in the multi-stakeholder process, cooperate, and play their respective roles. The organizations and individuals that hold the key to solving these problems are called “stakeholders”. A “multi-stakeholder process” is a consensus-building framework in which a wide variety of stakeholders participate on an equal footing and work together to solve problems.