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¿Nacionalismo económico frente a globalización?

Author

Listed:
  • Ernest Reig Martínez

    (Ivie (Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas))

Abstract

The purpose of this document is to offer an overview, based on international literature, around a highly topical issue on the political scene and in the academic field, mainly in the area of Economics and Political Science. It is about the relationship between commercial globalization and the formation in recent decades of political platforms of a nationalist nature that reject globalization and that have achieved significant influence in some highly developed countries. An influential current of research has attempted to find a link between these two opposing poles by explaining economic nationalism as a reaction to the unintended distributive consequences of the commercial opening of developed countries to imports from countries with lower wage levels. This document analyzes the pros and cons of this position on a theoretical basis and examines, in the light of international experience, the impact caused by the rapid growth of imports from China. Other possible explanations for the rejection of globalization are also being considered that give a much greater importance to cultural factors and identity aspects than to strictly economic ones, especially in relation to the rejection of immigration by some political platforms. It also enters into the discussion around the supposed lack of compatibility between globalization, national sovereignty and full democratic expression of the diversity of national preferences –Rodrik's trilemma–, exposing its meaning and its limitations. El objeto de este documento es ofrecer un panorama, basado en la literatura internacional, entorno a un tema de gran actualidad en la escena política y en el ámbito académico, principalmente en el área de la Economía y en el de la Ciencia Política. Se trata de la relación entre la globalización comercial y la formación en las últimas décadas de plataformas políticas de carácter nacionalista que muestran su rechazo a la misma y que han alcanzado una importante influencia en algunos países altamente desarrollados. Una influyente corriente de investigación ha intentado encontrar una vin-culación entre ambos polos opuestos explicando el nacionalismo económico como una reacción ante las consecuencias distributivas no deseadas de la apertura comercial de los países desarrollados a las importaciones procedentes de países con niveles salariales muy inferiores. El presente documento analiza los pros y contras de esta postura en el plano teórico y examina a la luz de la experiencia internacional el impacto causado por el rápido crecimiento de las importaciones procedentes de China. Se plantean también otras posibles explicaciones del rechazo a la globalización que otorgan una mayor importancia a factores culturales y aspectos identitarios que a los estrictamente económicos, en especial en relación al rechazo a la inmigración por parte de algunas propuestas políticas. Se entra también en la discusión en torno a la supuesta incompatibilidad entre globalización, soberanía nacional y plena expresión democrática de la diversidad de preferencias nacionales –tri-lema de Rodrik–, exponiendo su significado y sus limitaciones.

Suggested Citation

  • Ernest Reig Martínez, 2022. "¿Nacionalismo económico frente a globalización?," Working Papers Ivie 2022-05, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, S.A. (Ivie).
  • Handle: RePEc:ivi:wpivie:2022-05
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    File URL: http://www.ivie.es/downloads/docs/wpivie/wpivie-2022-05.pdf
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Globalización; trilema de Rodrik; distribución de la renta; comercio internacional; proteccionismo; China; nacionalismo económico; identidad cultural. Globalization; Rodrik’s trilemma; in-come distribution; international trade; protection-ism; China; economic nationalism; cultural identity.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F11 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Neoclassical Models of Trade
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • F16 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • H87 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods

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