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Impacto do Desmatamento Sobre a Incidência de Doenças na Amazônia

Author

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  • Nilo Luiz Saccaro
  • Junior Lucas Ferreira Mation
  • Patrícia Alessandra Morita Sakowski

Abstract

O reduzido conhecimento acerca dos efeitos do desmatamento sobre a saúde humana é uma importante lacuna para o gerenciamento do ambiente e da saúde no Brasil e no mundo. A fim de avaliar o impacto do desmatamento sobre a incidência de doenças, realizamos uma análise em painel, relacionando dados de desmatamento e de doenças de notificação compulsória, por município e por ano, cobrindo os 773 municípios da Amazônia Legal, entre 2004 e 2012. Foram realizadas estimações separadamente para cada doença, com a inclusão de controles para efeitos fixos de município, para aspectos socioeconômicos e para a provisão de serviços públicos de saúde. Entre as doenças que possuíam dados suficientes para a análise, verificamos que o desmatamento possui efeito significativo sobre leishmaniose e malária: incrementos anuais na área municipal desmatada levam a aumentos expressivos em sua incidência. Por outro lado, não foram captados efeitos estatisticamente significantes sobre doenças apontadas como fortes candidatas por alguns autores. Os resultados confirmam a existência de custos do desmatamento relacionados à saúde, embora estes não se apliquem a uma gama ampla de doenças. Evidencia-se a existência de custos do desmatamento relacionados à saúde na Amazônia, o que deve ser levado em consideração tanto no gerenciamento da saúde pública quanto na tomada de decisões relativas ao capital natural. The lack of knowledge about the effects of deforestation on human health is an important gap for management of the environment and health in Brazil and worldwide. In order to assess its occurrence and magnitude, we performed a panel analysis, linking data on deforestation and reportable diseases, by municipality and year, covering 773 municipalities in the Amazon between 2004 and 2012. Estimates were conducted separately for each disease, with the inclusion of controls for fixed effects of municipality, socioeconomic features and provision of public health services. Among the diseases that had sufficient data for analysis, we found that deforestation has a significant effect on leishmaniasis and malaria: annual increases in the municipal deforested area lead to significant increases on incidence. On the other hand, statistically significant effects were not detected for diseases indicated as strong candidates by some authors. The results confirm the existence of health-related deforestation costs, although these do not apply to a wide range of diseases. We highlight the existence of deforestation costs related to health in the Amazon, which must be taken into account both in the management of public health and in making decisions regarding natural capital.

Suggested Citation

  • Nilo Luiz Saccaro & Junior Lucas Ferreira Mation & Patrícia Alessandra Morita Sakowski, 2015. "Impacto do Desmatamento Sobre a Incidência de Doenças na Amazônia," Discussion Papers 2142, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2142
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    Cited by:

    1. Santos, Augusto Seabra & Almeida, Alexandre N., 2018. "The Impact of Deforestation on Malaria Infections in the Brazilian Amazon," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 247-256.

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