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Por que a Elasticidade-Câmbio das Importações é Baixa no Brasil? Evidências a Partir das Desagregações das Importações Por Categorias de Uso

Author

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  • Claúdio Hamilton Matos dos Santos
  • André Gaspar Cieplinski
  • Débora Pimentel
  • Gustavo Bhering

Abstract

Ao contrário do que sugerem a teoria econômica tradicional e a sabedoria convencional de boa parte dos macroeconomistas brasileiros, estudos recentes indicam que a elasticidade-câmbio das importações nacionais é baixa. Este trabalho procura racionalizar o referido resultado revisitando as estimativas das importações do país desagregadas por categoria de uso. Os resultados reportados sugerem que a baixa elasticidade-câmbio das importações agregadas reflete fundamentalmente aquela das importações de combustíveis, bens intermediários e de alguns tipos de serviços – notadamente, transporte, aluguel de equipamentos e pagamentos de royalties – que respondem por pouco menos de dois terços do total importado. Isso ocorre porque vários desses produtos têm pouca ou nenhuma possibilidade de substituição por similares nacionais, devido principalmente a deficiências estruturais na oferta nacional. In contrast to what both traditional economic theory and the conventional wisdom among most Brazilian macroeconomists would suggest, recent studies point to a low exchange rate elasticity of Brazilian imports. In this study we provide a rationale for this result by revisiting the behavior of imports disaggregated in seven different categories. According to the results reported in this paper, the low exchange rate elasticity of total imports reflects the low elasticities of intermediate goods, oil and fuel, and services such as transportation, royalties, and rents paid on machinery and equipment; which amount to about two thirds of aggregate Brazilian imports. We find that several of these imports have low or null possibility of substitution for national products, due to structural deficiencies in Brazilian productive capacity.

Suggested Citation

  • Claúdio Hamilton Matos dos Santos & André Gaspar Cieplinski & Débora Pimentel & Gustavo Bhering, 2015. "Por que a Elasticidade-Câmbio das Importações é Baixa no Brasil? Evidências a Partir das Desagregações das Importações Por Categorias de Uso," Discussion Papers 2046, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2046
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Franklin Serrano & Ricardo Summa, 2015. "Aggregate demand and the slowdown of Brazilian economic growth in 2011-2014 [Aggregate demand and the slowdown of Brazilian economic growth in 2011-2014]," Nova Economia, Economics Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), vol. 25(spe), pages 803-833, December.
    2. Fernando Rugitsky, 2017. "The rise and fall of the Brazilian economy (2004-2015): the economic antimiracle," Working Papers, Department of Economics 2017_29, University of São Paulo (FEA-USP).
    3. Laura Carvalho & Fernando Rugitsky, 2015. "Growth and distribution in Brazil the 21st century: revisiting the wage-led versus profit-led debate," Working Papers, Department of Economics 2015_25, University of São Paulo (FEA-USP).
    4. Franklin Serrano & Ricardo Summa, 2015. "Measuring Recovery: Aggregate Demand and the Slowdown of Brazilian Economic Growth from 2011-2014," CEPR Reports and Issue Briefs 2015-19, Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR).
    5. Serrano, Franklin & Summa , Ricardo, 2015. "Distribution and Cost-Push inflation in Brazil under inflation targeting, 1999-2014," Centro Sraffa Working Papers CSWP14, Centro di Ricerche e Documentazione "Piero Sraffa".
    6. Luiz Fernando de Paula & André de Melo Modenesi & Manoel Carlos C. Pires, 2015. "The tale of the contagion of two crises and policy responses in Brazil: a case of (Keynesian) policy coordination?," Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(3), pages 408-435, July.

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