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The Housing Supply Channel of Monetary Policy

Author

Listed:
  • Bruno Albuquerque
  • Martin Iseringhausen
  • Frederic Opitz

Abstract

We study the role of regional housing markets in the transmission of US monetary policy. Using a FAVAR model over 1999q1–2019q4, we find sizeable heterogeneity in the responses of US states to a contractionary monetary policy shock. Part of this regional variation is due to differences in housing supply elasticities, household debt overhang, and housing wealth (volatility). Our analysis indicates that house prices and consumption respond more in supply-inelastic states and in states with large household debt imbalances, where negative housing wealth effects bite more strongly and borrowing constraints become more binding. Moreover, financial stability risks increase sharply in these areas as mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures surge, worsening banks’ balance sheets. Finally, monetary policy may have a stronger effect on housing tenure decisions in supply-inelastic states, where the homeownership rate and price-to-rent ratios decline by more. Our findings stress the importance of regional housing supply conditions in assessing the macrofinancial effects of rising interest rates.

Suggested Citation

  • Bruno Albuquerque & Martin Iseringhausen & Frederic Opitz, 2024. "The Housing Supply Channel of Monetary Policy," IMF Working Papers 2024/023, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/023
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    Cited by:

    1. Alicia Aguilar & Adriana Lojschová & Carlos Canizares Martınez, 2025. "Non-linear effects of monetary policy shocks on housing: evidence from a CESEE country," Working and Discussion Papers WP 1/2026, Research Department, National Bank of Slovakia.
    2. Carlos Cañizares Martínez & Adriana Lojschová & Alicia Aguilar, 2026. "Non-linear effects of monetary policy shocks on housing: evidence from a CESEE country," BCL working papers 202, Central Bank of Luxembourg.
    3. Ryan Niladri Banerjee & Denis Gorea & Deniz Igan & Gabor Pinter, 2024. "Monetary policy and housing markets: insights using a novel measure of housing supply elasticity," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, December.
    4. Andriantomanga, Zo & Kishor, N. Kundan & Kumar, Labesh, 2025. "Interest Rate Misalignments and Monetary Policy Effects: Evidence from U.S. States," MPRA Paper 124748, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Carlos Cañizares Martínez & Adriana Lojschová & Alicia Aguilar, 2026. "Non-linear effects of monetary policy shocks on housing: Evidence from a CESEE country," Working Papers 2602, Banco de España.

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    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • R31 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Housing Supply and Markets

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