Revitalizing the State: 2. Resharing the Bureaucracy

In Virtually any king of modern state, there is a huge role for the bureaucracy. The bureaucracy is intended to be a rational system of administration. But it is prone to many bureaupathologies, and increasing size tends to aggravate these bureaupathologies. Since the state in the 20th century has grown rapidly, it has become increasingly prone to malfunctioning on account of various bureaupathologies. Various attempts at bureaucratic reform have generally failed, especially in developing countries. Several pitfalls in administrative reforms have been listed. But there are also several success stories, from developed countries, newly industrialized countries, and developing countries, and the lessons of these successes can help recharge bureaucracies elsewhere. The experience of several East Asian countries that experienced rapid growth in the sixties and onwards, suggests how bureaucracy can be made growth oriented. Malaysia’s experience suggests how values like quality, productivity, innovativeness, discipline, integrity, accountability, and professionalism can be institutionalized in a bureaucracy. The experience of Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Canada, etc. suggests numerous ways of substantially improving the performance of bureaucracy. Several conditions are discussed for supporting sustained public service reform, derived from a study of administrative practices in a number of Commonwealth countries.